Just War Essay

The just wars fought by the United States government against Indian tribes were iniquitous and questionable. The formulation of the concept of just and lawful war was proof of the same reason why most Indian tribes sided with England, that the Americans were corrupt and fraudulent. I believe that there is always a democratic and diplomatic way of handling problems and conflicts, especially when dealing with political and social issues. For instance, the U. S. government, holding a prominent and powerful place in society, should have exercised authority responsibly by surveying and gathering information regarding the concerns and demands of the tribes. There should have been in depth discussions regarding the peace-keeping process of local tribes, as well as its relation to their culture. When we talk about culture in the global context, we are talking about variety and difference. What I mean is that, there is and will never be one right culture. Cultural relativism, and the likes, proves such assertion. To apply this concept in the situation, what the U. S. government believes as a process of long term peace, may not be true to the beliefs and traditions of the tribes. Tribal conflicts have been a part of their existence, and long before the intervention of the Europeans and the Americans, they have managed to coexist despite conflicts, which they settle within their own means of setting up a common ground and bringing back social order. Therefore, the U. S. government should not have made assumptions about the practices of the tribes. Moreover, every person has the right to believe in things they want to believe in. So if tribes believe that the Americans are oppressive and chose to side with the English, then that is their own right – to look after their best interests in order to survive. They should not have been punished due to their beliefs and their prevailing instincts to survive and live in more desirable conditions. After the war ended, and the English were defeated, the U. S. government should have sat down with tribal leaders and talked about what things should be done in order to calm and satisfy the tribes. The just and lawful wars, as claimed by the U. S. government were tactless and unreasonable.

Healthy Emotional Transition for Mothers, First Week Post-Partum Essay

Emotional is an important aspect of life. We experience joy, anger, and sadness in everyday life. When we do not tend to our emotion needs, psychological complications may occur (Burger & Goddard, 2010). According to health Canada (2009), 16% of women in Canada will experience major depression in the course of their lives. Women experience increased risk for psychological disorders in postpartum period (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). The most common psychological disorders are postpartum blues, postpartum depression (PPD), and postpartum psychosis (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). 75% of women experience postpartum blues, but the symptom is usually mild and can usually improve without professional help (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). A more serious condition is called postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a medical condition that affects about 10% of mothers (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). In this article, I will examine the postpartum depression in relation to the healthy emotional transition. This topic is important because the postpartum depression is more serious and can usually last for months (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010), and because postpartum depression can usually be detected and prevented (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) (Garabedian et al. , 2011). The purpose of this paper is to provide the knowledge to prevent PPD. In order to meet the purpose of this paper, I will examine 3 articles that I have chosen from CINAHL and write critical review and relate the information from the article to my own nursing experience. Synthesis These articles offer great in-depth on how to prevent PPD. Wojcicki and Heyman (2011) have reviewed 10 articles and made conclusion that although more studies are needed, high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the risk of PPD. Donaldson-Myles (2011) reviewed on the evidence of breastfeeding and PPD and has found a strong inverse link between the two. Garabedian et al. (2011) has found that women who are victim of violence in adulthood are more likely to suffer from PPD. These 3 articles have contributed to additional information on PPD to what is learned from the textbook. They provide insight on when PPD will likely happen and how to reduce the likelihood. Based on the information on these articles, prevention of PPD would be the top priority in my nursing practice. For example, although it is known from the class that 10% of women will suffer from PPD (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010), it is further explained that women suffer multiple abuses should be expected to have higher risk of PPD (Garabedian et al. , 2011). In the future nursing practice, I will check for signs of injury and the mental state of the client as well as those of her partner’s to make sure that the client does not suffer from violence. I will include breastfeeding and high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid daily as part of my health teaching to reduce the risk of PPD (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The questions that have emerged from this assignment are many. One question is that even though there are ways to reduce the risks of PPD, what is the sure way of preventing it? Another question is that Wojcicki & Heyman (2011) has found that high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the risk of PPD, does taking too much omega-3 have any side effects? Thirdly, what should I do to reduce PPD if the client refuses to breastfeed? The first 4 weeks of this course has provided me with foundation of caring for postpartum mothers. I learned the basic cares and assessments for postpartum mothers. Those 3 literatures provide me with further knowledge of psychological aspect postpartum mother and made me look for signs of trouble. For example, Garabedian et al. (2011) has found that single mothers, smokers, and women of young age are more likely to experience violence, hence more likelihood of PPD. During my first week of practicum, the first mother that I examined was recently single, had to go out to smoke during my visit and was 26 years old. At that time, she looked perfectly fine and well composed and was reading her self-help book. I thought that she was going to be fine with her postpartum life. If I possessed this piece of knowledge back then, I would recognize her has high-risk for postpartum depression and offer her additional information on how to deal with psychological changes. During the week of my health teaching, I had the privilege of witnessing childbirth and caring for the mother and the child for the day. I used Watson’s caritas process 3, which is â€Å"developing and sustaining a helping trusting authentic caring relationship† (Jesse, 2010). From the moment I walked into the delivery room, I kept reminding myself that helping the patient was my first priority, and that anything that I could learn was just a bonus and should not interfere with the woman’s needs. Therefore, after I introduced myself, I used the technique of using silence and avoid looking at the woman’s exposed body parts because I thought it would create more tension for the woman (Burger & Goddard, 2010). I kept quiet till the family finally thought that I was trustworthy. During the teaching, I used Watson’s caritas process 7, which is â€Å"Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within others’ frame of reference† (Jesse, 2010). Since the family looked very educated, I shared my observation on their knowledge to help communicate (Burger & Goddard, 2010). I used terms such as â€Å"you might already know this† to make myself less lecturing. My patient was very willing to listen to what I had to say because I was very helpful in their delivery and they knew that my teaching was an assignment for school. They asked me a few questions regarding to how to deal with postpartum blues and appeared genuinely interested in my presences. I thought my teaching was effective because firstly I was very nice and humble towards them. Secondly, I received feedback from them in term of questions (Burger & Goddard, 2010). Effective communication involves dialogues in both directions (Burger & Goddard, 2010). Conclusion Postpartum period is a difficult time for a woman (Evans, 2010). The body has to undergo physiological and psychological changes (Evans, 2010). Several factors influence the psychological changes. From my reading of the articles, it is learned that breastfeeding and high intake of omega-3 fatty acid reduces the risk of PPD (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011), and that violence victim have higher risk of PPD (Garabedian et al. , 2011). As a nurse, one has to stay vigilant on client’s behavior, diet, and environment and reduce the likelihood of PPD by informing the patient the benefit of breastfeeding, the benefit of omega-3 fatty acid, and by assessing the patient’s living environment. Reviews The key points of this article is that women who breastfeed are less likely to suffer from postpartum depression notwithstanding the old researches proving otherwise and that breastfeeding provides protection that lasts up to 3 month (Donaldson-Myles, 2011).. The intended audiences of this article are midwives (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The limitations of this study is the defining the postpartum depression and defining breastfeeding. In some of the study, some people are â€Å"mixed† feeding, which can confuse the result (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). There is also no clear, universally defined method on how to breastfeed in all the studies (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The definition of postpartum depression is also unclear (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). Although most studies use the Edinburgh depression scale, some of the depression symptom may be just due to lack of sleep or religious factors (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The cut-off point for depression is also not the same across all the studies, with some using the cut-off point of 13 for depression and some using 12 as cut-off point (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). This research is done in Britain (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). It applies to Canadian nursing because both countries share the same culture and customs. The implication of this article for nursing practice is that as nurses, we need to advocate on breastfeeding in our patient care. Since breastfeeding can offer protection from postpartum depression up to 3 month (Donaldson-Myles,2011), we need to make sure that the clients know the benefit of breastfeeding and make sure that they can breastfeed properly. The key points of this article are that taking high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplement reduce the risk for postpartum depression (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) and that moderate amount shows no effect (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) . The intended audience of the article is for the researchers who intend to do more research on the correlation omega-3 and postpartum health (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The limitation of this research is that it is a review of other journals. Thus the author does not have raw data from the research (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). This research is done department of pediatrics, university of California, San Francisco, California, USA (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). This research applies to Canadian content because of the proximity of two countries. One limitation of this research is that it is a review of other articles (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The author does not have the primary data from all the studies. Another limitation of this research is that the dosage of omega-3 fatty acid is not the same in all the studies. Some studies take 100mg daily, others take 500 mg daily and there are also recommendations for 2g/day (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The key points of this article is that women who are the victim of violence are more likely to self-report postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011) and that the more types of violence experience, the more likelihood of self-reported postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011), and that the likelihood of postpartum depression strongly correlates to the race, marital status, education, and the usage of drugs (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). The intended audiences of the article are for the medical professionals who are screening depression for postpartum women. The limitation of this study is that this is composed of mostly online questionnaires (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011); therefore, false data can appear in the data collection. For example, postpartum blue can be mistaken as postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). Secondly, this is survey has a difficult time distinguishing disciplinary action and child abuse (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). For example, any hit from the guardian could be considered as child abuse in this survey (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). This research is done in Kentucky, USA (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). It applies to Canadian nursing practice because 5%-50% of women experience abuse in their lifetime (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). The implication of this article for nursing practice is that as nurses, we need to check for evidence of abuse as part of nursing assessment. For example, suspicious bruises should be reported. Since violence is strongly correlated to postpartum depression, we need to make sure that the clients with history of abuse can get help in the postpartum period (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011) .

Overview

On August 18, 2015, longtime Subway pitchman Jared Fogle was arrested under a child pornography investigation. Quick to respond, Subway communicated to press via public comment and Twitter on their stance. Hours after the arrest, Subway made public its separation from Fogle and its disgust and lack of knowledge of the crimes committed. Because of their quick response, while they were directly tied to Fogle, most of the negative response was placed on Fogle and not Subway. Moving forward, Subway is testing a new rebranding campaign in Australia that focuses on products, rather than a pitchman. Company History: In 1965, a 17-year-old medical school student, Fred DeLuca, opened up a submarine sandwich shop in Connecticut on a $1,000 loan from a friend. By 1982, the chain had opened up its 300th location. In 1984, the Subway sandwich chain was introduced overseas and by 1990, there were more than 5,000 locations. Today, Subway has the most sandwich restaurants in the world at 37,000 locations (3). Known for their freshly baked bread and healthy options, Subway restaurants are located in schools, malls, gas stations, airports and even zoos. In 1995, the Subway began its journey towards becoming a major supporter of motorsports. In 1996, www.subway.com was launched and was featured multiple times in the movie â€Å"Happy Gilmore† (3). In 1999, an article was written about an overweight college student who lost a large amount of weight eating nothing but Subway sandwiches Death Is The Final Stage Of An Individual Existence Death is considered a dreaded word. Death is the final stage of an individual’s existence. Death is a word that makes people uncomfortable. The word death is something no one desire to think about, prepare for or discuss. But death is inescapable, unavoidable, and inevitable all humankind will experience death as part of their destiny. Therefore, each has the responsibility of addressing the issues that maybe related to a decline in their physical and mental function status, which render them incapable of making their life decisions. This paper will address what I consider the â€Å"good life† or a life worth living and what issues that constitute a life, when I am no longer able perform the activities that make my life worth living. Finally, the things that would not make my life worth living. My life is considered a â€Å"good life† because I am capable of making decisions related to my health and general welfare. I am independent in activities of daily living. My general health is good, and I am not in constant excruciating pain. I can participate in social functions in the church and community. I possess the full capability of my five senses. I have my full faculty. My life has meaning and worth because I can read my Bible and commune with the Word of God. I am considered physically and mentally fit. My existence depends on God and myself. My life is good because I am independent in all avenues of life. Life to me is rendered not worth living when I unable to perform Marxism: 1984 by George Orwell Marxism In the Novel 1984 Throughout time, rulers and controlling governments have used the ideas of Marxism to take and maintain control over the working class. Even today ideas such as classism and commodification are used in countries such as North Korea and Syria to help governments rule over their citizens. In George Orwell’s 1984 the ideas of Marxism are used to oppress proletariats. The Party tricks the citizens of Oceania into thinking that their propaganda benefits the working class, classism is used as a means of allowing the Party and its associates more power and control than the average citizen, and people under the Party’s rule are commoditized physically and psychologically so as to not questions their totalitarian In an era where everyone is so concerned about the money, denying a defendant a reasonable amount of funding (to his public defender) for expert consultants and their testimonies could save thousands upon millions of dollars in wrongful prosecution lawsuits later. With the advent of DNA, many previously convicted men and women are being let out. Interestingly enough, DNA evidence isn 't the ONLY thing that would have exonerated them, but no one would listen. One issue I think Grisham was trying to help people see is the fact that we should not believe what we THINK, it has to be what we KNOW. What is the harm in humane treatment? Yes, criminals should be kept from the public, but since the justice system is not perfect and will make mistakes they shouldn 't be so self-righteous about their treatment of those they deem unworthy. Ron 's example was just one of many who, because they are not the smartest, most capable souls, they make stupid mistakes, their odd behaviors offend many and they are the first ones put under a microscope when something goes wrong. In light of recent events, the shooting at Sandy Hook elementary school, multiple bomb and shooting threats since then, as well as other crimes (NYC subway system) people tend to react in a negative way toward people they feel are a threat. IF they are odd or quirky, for example, I recently read that in New York, right after Sandy Hook, a local politician made the

Method for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Method for Business - Essay Example Interval estimates are often desirable because the estimate of the mean varies from sample to sample. Instead of a single estimate for the mean, a confidence interval generates a lower and upper limit for the mean. The interval estimate gives an indication of how much uncertainty there is in our estimate of the true mean. The narrower the interval, the more precise is our estimate (Snedecor and Cochran, 1989). Confidence limits are expressed in terms of a confidence coefficient. Although the choice of confidence coefficient is somewhat arbitrary, in practice 90%, 95%, and 99% intervals are often used, with 95% being the most commonly used. The first one, the 95% confidence interval, is wider. The intuition is the more the percentage of confidence interval, the wider the boundaries obtained. If we consider the Gauss bell or normal curve, as the point of analysis, when the limits are closer to the mean, the interval confidence is narrower (90% compared to 95%). There is statistical evidence to support that the average number of items processed is 10.5 per minute, with a significance level of 5%.

The Drug Diazepam in Pharmacology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Drug Diazepam in Pharmacology - Essay Example Only paramedics are allowed to use in the management of â€Å"psychostimulant-induced behavioral disturbances† in times of emergency (National Drug Strategy). a. A list of conventional over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, complementary alternative medicines (CAMs) and prescription medicines that are known or suspected to undergo clinically relevant interactions with your profile drug in humans. b. List the source(s) of information you have used and indicate the strength of the evidence (e.g. anecdotal report, clinical case, clinical trial, etc) for each of the interactions that you have identified. Fluconazole is an antifungal that belongs to a group of drugs known as azoles that increases the effects of Diazepam by increasing the levels of Diazepam available in the plasma at any given time. A study conducted by Saari established that Fluconazole increased the level of Diazepam two and a half times thereby increasing the sedative effects of Diazepam. However, the peak plasma concentrations and the pharmacodynamics of Diazepam were not affected (941-999). Voriconazole may inhibit Diazepams metabolism, increasing the risk of adverse effects. In essence, Voriconazole acts the same way as Fluconazole by increasing the levels of Diazepam that are available in the plasma at any given time (Saari 941-999). Therefore, a Diazepam dose should be decreased. Diazepam may possibly increase or decrease phenytoin concentration. The phenytoin concentration should be monitored in case of toxicity and the phenytoin dose should be adjusted as necessary (Australian Medicine Handbook 2011). Enhanced sedation or respiratory and cardiovascular depression may occur if diazepam or other benzodiazepines are combined with drugs that have CNS-depressant properties such as alcohol, antidepressants, sedative antihistamines, antipsychotics, general anesthetics, other hypnotics or sedatives and opioid analgesics.  

The Immigration Reform Bill of 2013 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Immigration Reform Bill of 2013 - Coursework Example The entire process of deportation is another factor that sends back another major chunk of young people who have grown up and studied in American colleges, thereby sending away a huge chunk of the talent within these colleges. While authorities stay strict, the government is bearing the brunt of the corporate and banking sectors who are forced to undertake industrialization due to the outflow of such talent from their companies. The Immigration Reform Bill sought to address issues from both the government and people’s point of views. And whether it succeeds or not depends upon the election of the minister who is most vehement and active in getting the House to agree to this Bill. The play designed in this article uses five theatrical techniques to highlight the range of events that occur in this politician’s life, till the final verdict of the election, in which he gets to know if he is elected or not. The first act (Act I) has three scenes. The first scene is a congregational meeting held at a Church service, to commemorate the death of the younger brother of this politician. Key characters in the play, like the rival politicians and business magnets who influence them, are introduced in this meeting. The political leader although in silence is aware of the brewing political tension in the minds of these guests attending the congregation. The scene uses thought tracking (Mackey & Cooper, 2000, 50) done by another key character of the play Adam Xavier, who is himself a 40-year-old high profile journalist familiar with the power players of this game. His observations and dialogues familiarize the audience with the real tension that is present in the thoughts of the characters of the play.  

Poetry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Poetry Analysis - Essay Example Connotations: Rhyme scheme not regular, Sensuous imagery-the waves sound- lights falling etc. Romantic imagery. Historical reference to Sophocles. Irregular length of stanzas. Free verse. Language simple. Sea of Faith- image of a sad person. Pathetic fallacy- human feelings are attributed to sea. Light is gone- symbolizes uncertaininty. Sea of Faith- symbolizes religion. Adjectives- â€Å"tremulous cadence†, â€Å"note of eternal sadness†. Attitude: The poem opens with a romantic tone. The melancholic note is added as the poet reflects on the nature of human life. Sadness and sorrowful. â€Å"Ah† indicates pain and â€Å"let us be true† indicates acceptance. Theme: The poem is about maturity and reflects the poet’s understanding of life. Life brings sadness. Like the beach is beautiful but the melancholic note can be heard. Similarly love is beautiful but it brings with itself miseries, sorrow and loneliness. Title: Poem appears to be about the dreams that have not been fulfilled. The alliterative â€Å"d† in the title give a hard impression which prepares the reader for the harsh consequences of the dreams that have been left unfulfilled. Paraphrasing: The poet questions about the end result of such dreams that have been left unfulfilled. He asks if they become dry, sore or rotten. He compares them with a dry raisen or like a sore. He indicates that unfulfilled dreams can cause social and political damage. Connotations: Short. Alliterative â€Å"d†- to stress harshness. Dreams deferred are compared to dry raisen, sore etc. Symbolism: dream could be American dream or negro aspirations. Hot sun- circumstances. Images of decay and waste to symbolize the dreamer’s fate. Title: Is aptly used since it discusses the consequences of the unfulfilled dreams. The dream could be the American dream of success that attracts many. Or the fate of black people in America victimized racially and socially. Theme: The poem is about dreams

Right to Bear Arms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Right to Bear Arms - Essay Example Legalization of gun ownership is part of the second amendment, where it states that â€Å"a well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† This indicates that there is a law that allows people to own guns. But there are several points to be considered in part of the amendment. There is an emphasis on having a well-regulated militia. This indicates that there are certain rules, or principles that surround a militia group (Petersen, p.16). This specifically creates a nature of the citizen army. A citizen army does not group armed citizens without a common principle, rather it states that a militia group needs to have regulations and principles not just a chaotic movement. The second amendment, then, creates in itself a certain significant function of regulation and control. Thus, it signifies that there is still control within the second amendment not just merely to allow citizens g un ownership simply for security purposes. The second amendment shows that gun ownership is still regulated based on the principles of creating security and defending the freedom of the state and the people living under it. It is important to know that freedom is a very crucial aspect of the nation’s principle. With this, it creates a bond between citizens to protect not only themselves but also the nation’s pledge for their freedom and security. ... Security and freedom are very important aspects of human life. Humans fight for their freedom and their security. This rooted from the fact that individuals know they have the right to be free and to live a secure life. The issue of gun ownership cannot be questioned alone for the specific behavior of violent individuals owning guns. There are certain laws and policies guarding gun ownership, and this is not a violation of the second amendment. As I have broken down earlier, the second amendment clearly states that there are rules by which gun ownership should revolve. If humans have been given their rights, they are given a corresponding responsibility with it. There are two sides looking at the second amendment. First is the second amendment’s declaration that a militia group is a right to maintain the security and freedom of the state. The second perspective is looking at it individually wherein mere individuals may own guns. As far as I’m seeing it, the second amend ment agrees to both. The question is how people tend to understand the rules and regulations surrounding the amendment. Opposition of gun control argues that gun ban or control is not a solution. It is the individuals that should be regulated and ownership should be controlled (Gischler, 9). I believe that they have a very good argument since it is not the gun that controls a person rather it is an individual with a gun who has a problem if they use it other than what is stated in the amendment, for security and freedom. The use of guns is what is to be regulated but before that people should be educated on the real purpose of owning guns. There are several incidences

Critically appraise the advantages and disadvantages of mainstream, Essay

Critically appraise the advantages and disadvantages of mainstream, resources and special school provision in meeting the needs of children who are deaf - Essay Example on the level of knowledge and skills of each student, it is a common practice for some schools to include deaf students in regular classes (Web Citation, 2010). Depending on the ability of deaf students to cope with the challenges of learning in a regular class, deaf students who are unable to compete with other students will be transferred to special education facilities (Wisconsin Education Association Council, 2010). One of the advantages of allowing the deaf students to be included in the mainstream is that it boosts the self-confidence of deaf students rather than classifying them as someone with learning disability when placed in a special education facility (National Research Center on Learning Disabilities, 2010). As part of having equal opportunity to learn and receive higher academic accomplishment, deaf students are given access to learning resources from direct instruction used in a typical educational setting. As a result of exposing deaf students with the regular students, deaf students are more prepared to have better abilities in terms of functioning normally when they start working after graduation since deaf students are able to carefully observe how people socializes within a normal environment (Meyer & Poon, 2001; Wolfberg, 1999). On the side of the normal students, this group of individuals learns how to tolerate and gain more understanding with regards to the physical state of deaf students (Suomi, Collier, & Brown, 2003). Considering this point of view, there is a minimized risk for students with no physical or mental disabilities to discriminate deaf students. As the students learn to communicate and build friendship with deaf children, teachers and parents have reported some positive outcomes in terms of enabling the child to become more helpful to others as they learn to build a more diverse social networks and be more patience in dealing with other people who are born with or without any forms of mental, physical and emotional

Holy Ghost Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Holy Ghost Religion - Essay Example â€Å"There is a large two story and of dark wood, with a steeply pitched roof, it appeared abandoned,† (Lienau 8). In principle, it detailed the setting of the documentary and how frightening the actions that would be done there were likely to be. The documentary shows a voice believed to be of a spirit detailing and interpreting the testimony of a woman. The voice analyses the character and testimony of the woman to the surprise of the believers. In brief, the story is about the Pentecostal Church that elaborates that punishments and disasters happen to people because of their sins and mistakes. For example, the people living with HIV/AIDs or rape victims are supposed to have sinned and therefore their difficulties are caused by their sins.Subsequently, the preacher then handles a snake and uses it as an example to elaborate the power of God over Satan or devil. When I look up about what does the snake represent in the Holy Bible I found that it represents the devil. So, in the event of the snake that would bite a person handling it would be used as an example to show the strength of Satan. I was surprised with that kind of comparison because it is obvious that God rule or control supreme and nothing or nobody can be compared to God.When I did my research, I realizedthat the church supposed to represent a place of holiness, righteousness and goodness. Hence, using this actions and stories such as the snake handling to show the power of God is inaccurate and misleading.

Crafted Beer vs Mass Produced Beer Essay Example for Free

Crafted Beer vs Mass Produced Beer Essay According to (http://www. brewersassociation. org/pages/business-tools/craft-brewing-statistics/craft-brewer-defined) a craft brewer is â€Å"small, independent and traditional†. They have to produce less than six million barrels to be considered a craft brewery. Also from a financial point there is a difference to a mass producing beer brewery, an alcoholic industry can only have a maximum of 25% of the brewery. If they own more than this they are considered mass producing brewery because the alcoholic industry is considered to own the craft brewery. Furthermore it has to have â€Å"at least 50% of its volume in either all malt beers or in beers which use adjuncts to enhance rather than lighten flavor† (http://www. brewersassociation. org/pages/business-tools/craft-brewing-statistics/craft-brewer-defined). Although many people think that there is only â€Å"one† beer, most of them never tried crafted beer because they would notice immediately differences in taste compared to mass produced beer. The history of crafted beer and mass produced beer is pretty different, as you can imagine beer exists a long time and the way of producing in industries is not very old. The first crafted beers were made in Egypt over 4,000 years ago. There are no records how the Egypt people came up with the idea, but according to (www. ancientegyptonline. co. uk/beer. html) Osiris an Egyptian god taught the people how the brew beer, it was mostly a female activity and the main ingredient in was â€Å"bread made from a rich yeasty dough possibly including malt†, then it was â€Å"baked and crumbled through a sieve with water† and the last part was adding flavor and letting it stay in order to ferment. On the other hand the first mass produced beer was brewed about 3,800 years later in 1840 in the Czech Republic when the creator Pilsner Urquell decided to use the new technologies brought by the industrialization to make beer available for every person. This started one of the biggest markets nowadays. The way of producing the beers is not really different in the sense of mechanism, because both types of beers using assembly lines in order to produce a large output. Still the factories differ from another in some points; the production of crafted beer is kept â€Å"small† and maintains focus on the quality. These factories are producing a variety of beers and their motto is quality over quantity. The factories of mass produced beer are way bigger compared to the craft breweries and they prefer rather quantity for a greater mass of people than quality. You can’t say that their beer is bad but it doesn’t have the same level as crafted beer. In addition the primary ingredients of the beer are the same: water, malted barley and hops, it is just the normal way to produce beer nowadays. What makes the difference in these two types is the flavor of the beer, while mass produced beer tastes pretty similar if you compare different brands this is definitely not the case with crafted beer. Each craft brewery tries to create its own, unique beer by adding non-traditional beer ingredients. The last difference in the way of producing is that in craft beers are mostly no adjuncts and not all of them are fermented like it is the case with mass produced beer. (http://www. topofthehopsbeerfest.com/biloxi/the-top-ten-reasons-why-you-should-drink-craft-beerbiloxi. php) Why are there so many people attracted to crafted beer? In order to answer this you have to look at the factories which produce the beers because they have a whole different attitude towards their customers. The biggest difference in their attitude shows in their connection to the customers, while mass producing breweries have no connection at all to their customers, the crafted breweries are actually very close to them. Most of them ask their customers for feedback in order to make a better beer and solve their current problems. Furthermore the beer producing factories are not just a little bit different. One of the most famous mass producing beer factory is Anheuser-Busch Inc (Bud Light), which has factories all over America and doesn’t only produce beer, it is also specialized in energy drink, malt beverages and non-alcoholic drinks. The craft breweries on the other hand are only specialized in beers, a famous one is the Harpoon Brewery which is located in Boston. (http://www. cnbc. com/id/39233398/page/2) , (http://www. nomorefreebeer. com/index. php/the-facts/anheuser-beer-list/) There are two main aspects why people prefer crafted beer over mass produced beer, and quality is one of those aspects. The main reason why they differ so much is that the purpose of the factories producing the beer is different.

Characteristics of Good Test Questions Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of Good Test Questions Essay Here is the list of characteristics that you should follow when either writing or selecting interpretive exercise questions for use in Stage 2 of any curriculum planning. Examples of these characteristics and why they are important will be discussed in class. Interpretive exercise questions consist of a series of selective response items based on a common set of introductory material. The introductory material may be in the form of written materials, tables, charts, graphs, maps or pictures. These questions are the hardest to write, because you have to find novel introductory material related to your unit of instruction that works and is important. The reason for including this type of question in a unit test is that it gives students practice answering this type of question which is often used on standardized tests in science. Advantages: 1. Measure the ability to interpret the introductory material encountered in everyday situations. 2. Measure more complex learning outcomes than is possible with other forms of selected response items. 3. Minimizes the influence of a students’ lack of needed factual information on measurement of complex learning outcomes. 4. Greater structure than essay test. 5. A question type used in standardized tests. Students need to be familiar with this question type. Limitations: 1. Hard to construct: find materials that are new (novel) but relevant. Usually needs some editing. 2. Heavier demand on students’ reading skill. Keep reading level low, passage brief. In primary grades use more pictorial materials. 3. Cannot measure students’ overall approach to problem solving (doesn’t show work steps). 4. Only test problem-solving ability at the recognition level. Interpretive Exercise Guidelines: 1. Select introductory material that is in harmony with course outcomes. 2. Select introductory material that is appropriate to the curricular experience and reading level of the student. 3. Select introductory material that is new (novel) to the student. 4. Use introductory material that is brief, but meaningful. 5. Revise introductory material for clarity and conciseness for greater value. 6. Construct test items that require analysis and interpretation of the introductory material. 7. Make the number of test items roughly proportional to the length of the introductory material. 8. When constructing the test items use the guidelines given in the writing of selective response items.

Theories and Stages of Memory

Theories and Stages of Memory BATHSHEBA SHEMA BAGGAI 1.0  Introduction Our memory is part of being human. It is also an indicator that we experienced and lived to this day. Theoretically, according to Mastin (n.d.), memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and consequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. In other words, past experiences influenced our present and future behavior. When the outcome is negative we tend not to repeat what caused it, but if the outcome is positive we do the opposite. For example, as you go to work, you use a certain road every time. However, that route is always experiencing traffic jams that cause you to be late for work. By chance, one day you used another smaller road and you found that it is less congested and thus you arrive earlier to work than usual. From that day onwards since the smaller road benefits you more you will use it more frequently. This means, you used your previous experience and act accordingly the next time you go through the same situation again. In this paper, we will discuss and delve into more about memory as a whole. We will first discuss on the stages of the Multi-store model of memory which was founded by two researchers, Richard Atkinson and Richard Shriffin. The next section consists of what Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory are and their differences. This second section is a direct continuity of Memory Stage which is in the first section. The last section of the contents is in a different direction altogether. It consists of my own conceptualization the functions of memory system in human interaction model The references for this paper are mainly research journals and also website articles. Since there are a number of them, they are put in the References section. 2.0  Stages of Multi-Store Model and Memory One of the most used memory models by psychologists and non-psychologists alike is the Multi-Store model by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). They describe memory in terms of information flowing through a system. There are three stages of learning and memory of the Multi-Store model. The three stages which are processes are called Encoding, Storage and Recall or Retrieval (McLeod, 2007). The first stage, which is also the most important stage in creating new memory is called Encoding. It is the process which allows the information collected to be transformed or converted into a form that can be stored within our brains to be recalled later on. The process of Encoding is done in four different ways which are: Acoustic, Visual, Semantic and Tactile Encoding (Mastin, n.d.). Acoustic Encoding is the encoding (remembering and understanding) of the sounds that you hear: especially the sounds of words. When you repeat information rhythmically it is considered as Acoustic Encoding. For instance, learning the â€Å"ABC†. The alphabets of the â€Å"ABC† are put into a song similar to the nursery rhyme song â€Å"Baa Baa Black Sheep†. Other than making the learning of ‘ABC’ more enjoyable, children will remember them faster. It is the same case for the learning of the multiplication timetable. When reciting multiplication timetable, many can recite â€Å"six times six equals to thirty-six† rhythmically. This is due to the fact that the sound of the number â€Å"six† was highlighted three times. When Acoustic Encoding is the encoding of sound, Visual Encoding is the encoding of image. Visual Encoding relates to visual sensory information which is stored within the iconic memory (temporarily) first and later transferred into the long-term storage (permanent). One of the vital elements in visual encoding is the amygdala, which is a complex structure of neurons. Visual input as well as other systems’ input are accepted in the amygdala where the conditioned stimuli are then encoded into positive or negative values. As an example, if you are shown a list of words for one second. You would find that you will be able to remember if there was a word which is written in different color, or if there was a word written in bold or underlined. Visually encoded information is very fleeting and we forget them easily. We remember better when the information is encoded acoustically. The next type of Encoding is Semantic Encoding. Semantic Encoding is the processing of meaning, especially of words, though not exclusively. Most of the time it works hand in hand with Visual Encoding. For instance, when someone says â€Å"animal, grey and large† you will build a mental image on what he/she are referring to which is most probably an elephant. The last of the them is Tactile Encoding. It is based on the encoding of feeling especially touch. In a nutshell, each of the types of Encoding(s) starts with stimulus which gives out impulses/signals (nerve) which later will be processed and encoded. Paying attention is important when our memory is to be properly encoded. Thus, not all stimuli will pass through our conscious awareness, instead some will be filtered out. After the Encoding Stage comes the Memory Stage. According to Atkinson and Shriffin’s (1968) â€Å"Memory Stage Model†, there are three distinct stages in the Memory Stage itself. They are Sensory Memory/Store, Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory. All three differ in terms of capacity, function and duration. Sensory Memory which is at times called Iconic Memory holds information only for a few seconds (brief storage information). For instance, while flipping through a magazine we see eye-catching wordings of an advertisement, but after flipping to next the page we cannot remember what was actually written. This stage implies that something perceptual takes place. A stimulus might already be gone but we may still perceive it after even for just a brief moment. The next two stages of the Memory Stage will be discussed it Section 2.0. .The information people received which is stored in sensory memory is just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory The last stage of the stages of learning and memory of the multi-store model is the Retrieval Stage/Memory Retrieval. It is a process of getting or recalling information from your Storage Memory. For instance, if you can remember what you bought yesterday, information is successfully recalled from your memory into your conscious mind. The process of Retrieval is stimulated by the Retrieval Cues that includes mood and associations. If one cannot retrieve an information the cause may simply be because they did not pay attention enough, thus only some were encoded in the memory or it might be something as serious as having an amnesia. Ultimately, the role of short-term memory is to file information for temporary usage. If it is not consolidated, it is discarded. This process of discarding is important to make room for learning and new memories. But once a memory is stored in the long-term memory bank, it is stored there forever. It may not feel like it is stored there forever. Sometimes, you may not be able to recall something that is stored in the long-term memory bank—nevertheless, it is there. Because once memory is stored, it is permanent. 3.0  Short Term Memory Versus Long Term Memory In Section 2.0, we have discussed about the Memory Stage with one of its memory store which is Sensory Motor. In this section, we will further delve into the Memory Stage by dicussing about the other two stores which are Short Term and Long term Memory and its differences in terms of their storage capacities and forgetting mechanisms. Short Term Memory (STM) has a limited storage capacity. Only about seven (plus or minus two) unrelated chunks of items can be held with a time duration of 20-30 seconds at once (Mohs, 2007). For example, remembering a phone number until it is keyed into a mobile phone. After a few seconds you might not remember the set of phone numbers anymore if no effort is made to retain them. However, by using memory strategies, we can somewhat increase our memory capacity. Take for instance a ten-digit number such as 9006783456 may be too long for the use of Short Term Memory. For the set of number to stay in your STM and long enough for you to key in your mobile phone is to break it into chunks like 900-678-3456. On the other hand, Long Term Memory (LTM) has an unlimited storage capacity for information. In Short Term Memory, information remains as long as we think about it and will be discarded once we stop. In LTM, information is permanently stored in human memory. To retain information in LTM, a relation should be made between the new information to the ones we already know. This process is known as coding as information. Short Term Memory lacks this coding process, thus information is fleeting. If an information is important enough in the STM, it will be transferred to LTM. If there is an effort in retaining information like repetitively going through the information again and again (reviewing) we can remember it permanently. The more repetition and reviewing of information is made, the brain makes more neuronal connections (stronger neural pathways). At the same time, between the two neurons, the synapses become stronger because of more frequent signals passed between them. It is also im portant to realize that for memory to be consolidated there should be no interference present. In addition, when it comes to consolidation of memory and learning, sleeping plays an important role for both of them. This is proven by the founding that during sleep, the genes of rats are more expressive. In the hippocampus, the displayed activities during spatial learning is replayed. The next aspect that would be highlighted is their forgetting mechanism. In both STM and LTM a loss of information can be experienced. However, their forgetting mechanism differs from one another (Walton, 2010). In STM, loss of information can happen when there is interference. Interference happens when old information interferes with the learning of the new information. This thus makes the stored information irretrievable. Besides the Intereference Theory, there is also the Decay Theory. Decay happens when information is gradually forgotten as time goes by. It is important to note that it is not because of the effects of replacement as the Interference Theory. In contrast, Long Term Memory, loss of information is due to retrieval failure and not loss of the information. When information is not encoded correctly, our Long Term Memory will discard it out of the system. However, our memory can retrieve information if the cue matches the cue present during encoding time on the condition that loss of information is not because of brain trauma from accidents or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. 4.0  Concept Model of the Functions of Memory System in Human Interactions Diagram 1 Concept Model of the Functions of Memory System in Human Interactions There are many ways to conceptualize the functions of memory system in terms of human interactions. However, in the following is my own conceptualization of the mentioned topic. In my concept, the functions of memory (in human interactions) is divided into two: Social Function and also Experiential Learning (which are shown in Diagram 1). The first one that will discussed is Social Function. Good social environment is vital for strong social bonds which is necessary for our well-being; mentally as well as physically. According to Perry et al (2011), our memories are projected onto other people understand them better and to empathize their experiences. Our memory is constructive in nature where past experiences emerge together. In a certain way, this lets us to be in other people’s shoes; imagining what their experiences are like (Hassabis et al., 2013). Furthermore, this too promotes understanding and being more social. When we are experiencing the social world we must often recall, maintain, exploit and lastly update on the knowledge we have about others. People tend to react to certain social situations based on their prior experiences. According to Ciaramelli et al. (2013), we humans tend to empathize on people who are in the a similar situation that experienced in the past. However, these are in exception of amnesiacs. They do not maintain social bonds like other normal people. They too tend to have a smaller social circle. According to Beadle et al. (2013), Adult-onset hippocampal patients who suffers from amnesia are reported to have lower levels of understanding and no increase in prosocial behaviours. Besides Social Function, there is Experiential Learning. Both of these do overlap with each other, but they differ in settings. Experiential learning is more to workplace human interaction while Social is more to less professional relationships. Experiential Learning, in general is the process of learning through experience that we store in our memory. Since the dawn of time, humankind has gone through various trials and tribulations. We are what we are today because from our ancestors up to us in the present time learn to not repeat our mistakes, but vice versa when it comes to something positive. However, how can Experiential Learning relate to human interactions? Learning through experience is often used in workplaces. Let us take soccer players as an example. During practice sessions the team members will learn and practice the strategies of blocking, getting, passing the ball and catching it. However, the most important aspect they will practice on is teamwork because soccer is not a one man show. Coaches will see their individual talents and blend all them together to create a powerful team. One player’s talent may complement another player’s so they need to function together collectively. These practice sessions act as a simulator of the real game. By the time the players are joining in a real game, they would already have enough experience to ‘read’ their teammates present and next move which is crucial to score a point. This is similar in the corporate world. Members of a team need to develop a composite image of itself through discussions that develops the capacity to reflect their experiences. These discussions will pin-point the differences of experiences in team members that will then be blended together (Adams Kayes, 2010). According to Baker, Jensen Kolb (2002), â€Å"Members need to respect and be receptive to differing points of view; to take time to reflect on consequences of action and the big picture; and to desire growth and development.†As time goes on, even negative factors associated with teamwork can be overcome when teams become able to learn from experience. 5.0  Conclusion In summary, we have gone through the three stages of learning and memory of the multi-store model. These processes are called Encoding, Storage and Recall or Retrieval. Encoding which is an information procession into our memory is further broken down to different types of ways to encode which are Acoustic, Visual, Semantic and Tactile Encoding. In addition to those, Storage stage is where we store information in our memory and Retrieval is process of recalling them back to conscious mind. Besides Sensory Memory in our Storage, the other two which are Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory is explained in the next section. We have discussed how different they are in terms of storage capacities and forgetting mechanisms Short Term Memory has limited amount of storage capacity as compared to Long Term Learning which is unlimited. Their forgetting mechanisms, in other words loss of information also differ with STM due to loss of information and LTM due to retrieval failure. My conceptualization model of functions of memory system in terms of human interactions is divided into two which are Social Function and also Experiential Learning. They differ only in social settings and they overlap greatly with one another. In conclusion, in my opinion, we barely scratched the surface of our knowledge on human memory. I believe there is more to learn and discover than Atkinson’s and Shriffin’s Multi-Store model. With that being said, I hope researchers continue the journey in knowing how our memory truly works. Knowing how memory works is one step closer to knowing how the human mind works and consequently how humans work are as a whole. REFERENCES Adams, A., Kayes, D. (2010). Experiential Learning In Teams. Simulation Gaming, 330-354. Retrieved from http://learningfromexperience.com/media/2010/08/experiential-learning-in-teams.pdf Atkinson, R.C.; Shiffrin, R.M. (1968). Chapter: Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In Spence, K.W.; Spence, J.T. The psychology of learning and motivation (Volume 2). New York: Academic Press. pp. 89–195 Beadle J. N., Tranel D., Cohen N. J., Duff M. C. (2013). Empathy in hippocampal amnesia. Front. Psychol. 4:69 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00069 Ciaramelli E., Bernardi F., Moscovitch M. (2013). Individualized Theory of Mind (iToM): when memory modulates empathy. Front. Psychol. 4:4 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00004 Hassabis D., Spreng R. N., Rusu A. A., Robbins C. A., Mar R. A., Schacter D. L. (2013). Imagine all the people: how the brain creates and uses personality models to predict behavior. Cereb. Cortex. [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1093/cercor/bht042 Mastin, L. (n.d.). What Is Memory? The Human Memory. Retrieved from http://www.human-memory.net/intro_what.html McLeod, S. A. (2007). Multi Store Model of Memory Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/multi-store.html McLeod, S. A. (2007). Stages of Memory Encoding Storage and Retrieval. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/memory.html Mohs, R. (2007, May 8). How Human Memory Works. Retrieved from http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/human-memory.htm Perry D., Hendler T., Shamay-Tsoory S. G. (2011). Projecting memories: the role of the hippocampus in emotional mentalizing. Neuroimage 54, 1669–1676 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.057 Walton, J. E. (2010, June 15). Long-term vs. Short-term Memory How to Maximize Both. Retrieved from http://thelatherapist.blogspot.com/2010/06/long-term-vs-short-term-memory-how-to.html

How to Play Hockey Essay -- essays papers

How to Play Hockey Ice Hockey is believed to have begun during the Middle Ages, when northern Europeans played games on makeshift ice skates. The French explorers who watched the Indians, who would also play this stick and ball game, called it "hoquet". Before beginning to play hockey you must know the rules of the game. A hockey team consists of a goal tender, two defenders, and three forwards ( a center and two wings ). Hockey is played in three twenty-minute periods. The team that hits the most pucks into the opponent's goal wins. The game is played in an ice-covered rink shaped like a rectangle. Wooden walls about three or four feet high surround the rink. At each end is a cage, or goal which the players try to hit the puck into. They hit the pucks with wooden or graphite sticks with curved ends. The puck is a disc-like object made of black rubber. In order to begin the game each player must be appropriately dressed. A hockey uniform consists of a series of pads and a helmet to protect you from the lighting fast pucks, the rock hard ice floor and of Course the aggressive players. The helmet is the most important thing to wear. It protects your head in case of a direct impact like airbags protect your head from hitting the dash in a car. There are many brands and sizes to choose from. The most reliable and well known is a company called "Bauer." The size usually depends on the shape and measurements of your head. The next impo...

Global Poisoning System Essay -- Technology

Abstract: This paper focuses on modeling the errors which normally degrade the accuracy of Global Poisoning System (GPS). The performance of the GPS is mainly affected by ionospheric errors. SiRF Star III single frequency receiver is used for collecting and projecting datum in World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) co-ordinate form. To project the ellipsoidal model onto a map model, datum conversion from WGS-84 to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) form is needed. The conversion introduces errors in the datum. The variation in the errors can be observed from day to night, area to area and also due to the seasonal changes. The datum is collected from Ameerpet region of Hyderabad, which is a heavily populated area with heavy traffic and tall buildings. The variation in the datum has been observed from afternoon to evening. Keywords: GPS, WGS-84, UTM, Ionospheric errors, Northings and Eastings I. INTRODUCTION The space-based global navigation satellite system that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth with sub-meter accuracy is called Global Positioning System (GPS) [1]. It consists of a constellation of 28 satellites in six different orbits which give the information of the position of the user with sub meter accuracy [3]. If there are four or more GPS satellites in unobstructed line of sight with the receiver, accurate spatial co-ordinates can be obtained [2]. The datum obtained from the satellites, contain the information about the position and timing by calculating the the Keplerian orbit elements. The location information from GPS is based on the choice of coordinate system and datum [3]. The coordinate systems that are mostly used in GPS are Wor... ...ned due to the rounding up of the values in the algorithm. Works Cited [1] Bradford w. Parkinson. â€Å"Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications – vol. I and II†, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, 1996. [2] http://edu-observatory.org/gps/gps_accuracy.html, visited on 1/12/10. [3] http://www. elsevierdirect.com/companions/ 9780126836301/ appendices/ Chapter_2_ECI_ Cartesian_Coordinates_to_Kepler_Orbit_Elements_Conversion.pdf [4] http://www.squidoo.com/GPS-coordinate-systems-datums [5] Iyiade Adeniyi, â€Å"Ionospheric Error in GPS Applications† (www.ursi.org/proceedings /procGA05/pdf/GP1. 46(01062).pdf), visited on 30/10/10. [6] Ordnance Survey, â€Å"A Guide to Coordinate System in Great Britain†, (http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/gps/docs/A_Guide_to_Coordinate_Systems_in_Great_Britain.pdf), visited on05/01/11.

Here Follows Some Verses :: essays research papers

Here Follows Some Verses...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In all of Anne Bradstreet’s poetry that we have read, she has taken an experience of hers and then dissected and related it to Christian and, more generally, Puritan merits. â€Å"Here Follows Some Verses,† is no exception. After the burning of her house 1666, Bradstreet wrote this poem. It expresses her longing for the house and the possessions that were consumed in the fire. The poem also shows the author’s solid faith in God. There is a minor conflict between her religious merits and her connection with her lost items (namely her house). This conflict spurs questions that irk analysis of theology. However, they are resolved before the end of the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The beginning of the poem is a wake up call. Bradstreet introduces the fire early in the poem, jolting our attention. She does this so that the sense of urgency she felt is convey to the reader. The first thought that comes to Bradstreet’s mind is to ask God for help, â€Å"†¦And not leave [her] succorless.† This was her first and, for her, most natural reaction to distress. Once she had escaped the house, she said that it was God’s will for the house to burn. From this we see that the author is a pious woman with solid faith. Soon after, we see that Bradstreet has a less religious side to her personality. After escaping from the house and looking at the ashes where her home once stood, she begins to long for the material possessions consumed in the fire. The flow of the poem changes from shocking to sad when the Bradstreet surveys the site and wherever she looks has memories of the things that once used to be there. There is a lot of repetition at this point. The words no and nor are repeated several times between lines 28 and 34, stressing her pining for her home and the memories that she will never have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The superficial side of Bradstreet shows itself for only a short time, however. She accepts the fire as an act of God.

The Sensation of Longing in Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast

His writings and his life was widely known because of the pain that he had experienced through his experiences in the World War, his alcoholism, three divorces, mental illness, self-destructive nature and finally his suicide (Tyler 2).However, more than all of these pains that were present in his life, his legacy would still be known for the quality of his writing. He was a great artist. He painted in the readers’ imaginations as if they were blank canvasses with vivid pictures through the beauty and clarity of his words.The novel was published in 1964, three years after he took his own life. It gave a unique account of the life of Hemingway from his perspective. He was a young writer in Paris. The novel was set at a time wherein he was still married to his first wife, Hadley. They were happy and contented despite the fact that they were poor.The text revealed how Hemingway at that time still wrote for the Toronto newspaper to support his career. The account included how he to ok Hadley and his money to the horse races wherein he frequently placed bets.Hemingway was addicted to gambling as it earned him some huge amounts of money. While he quite gambling later on his life, he still enjoyed going to motorcycle races.He decided to give up journalism to be able to write full time. He and his wife were in a level of poverty wherein they often went hungry. There were parts in the novel wherein he described walking along Siene to watch men fish and going to the Louvre just to curb his hunger. There was even a time wherein the couple could not afford to hire a babysitter for their child that they had left him in his crib with only the cat to look after him.Hemingway also described how the lending library saved his life. Since he had difficulty finding books that were written in English during that time, he found himself often frustrated when he could not find any decent English materials. During the time he was working on his first collection of short stories, h e was reading the Russian greats.In An Immoveable Feast, Hemingway had let the readers see his writing process in distinct detail. The readers saw him as he first wrote in a hotel room, by which he had rented for the purpose for writing. He also started writing in cafà ©s when his finances started to pick up. Readers could visualize him as a writer in the cafà ©s of Paris because of the quality by which he had written his account.He had the habit of finishing his writing even when ideas were still freely flowing. He probably did it to avoid writer’s block the next day. He also had this stripped down approach to his writing wherein he would meticulously spend the day revising a paragraph he had wrote to make it as bare as possible.There was a time wherein his wife had placed all of his manuscripts in a suitcase to bring it to him in Switzerland. The suitcase was stole on the train but Hemingway dealt with it despite having to write from scratch.He also wrote about the other expatriate writers who were living in Paris. He described them in great details. One particular character in this novel was Gertrude Stein wherein Hemingway described to be known for her painting collection as well as her hunger for fame.He mentioned how she would dismiss in a childish manner anyone who did not praise her for her work. During her parties, Stein’s partner would socialize with the females and she would talk to the men. Despite this Hemingway was friends with Stein until the time she started driving her close friends away for some reason.He had numerous encounters with the great writers and famous people of that time. Hemingway noted how it was special for him to eat at Michaud’s in his first year in Paris. It was the times wherein he would get to speak in Italian with his wife and James Joyce as they ate there.There was an instance at the Closerie des Lilas, a cafà © often visited by professors, wherein Hemingway did not like how Ford Madox Ford frequen tly interrupted him. He even went on to describe Ford as someone with an unpleasant appearance and with an inability to hold a sane conversation.Hemingway also featured Ezra Pound whom he characterized as a saintly man. He was someone who supported the arts. He showed this in the way he bought his friends’ paintings even if they had little to no resale value. He also helped other writers. He was the one who founded Bel Espirit to raise funds in order to support T.S. Eliot even as he quit his bank job.The end of the book had a sense that everything was downhill for Hemingway from there. They moved to an Austrian ski resort wherein he revised The Sun Also Rises. It was during this time wherein he was gaining money and fame wherein he took on his first extramarital affair. Hemingway had created this personal memoir and captured the essence of the time and place by which he had experienced and lived. This was done in a nostalgic manner without having an hint of false sentimentali ty in it.Ernest Hemingway and his MemoirThe Lost Paris ManuscriptsHemingway had often used his personal painful and traumatic experiences even in his works of fiction. Hemingway viewed writing and trauma to be â€Å"inextricably linked; trauma provided material for his writing and writing provided a therapeutic outlet for trauma† (Seal 62). He had always referred to a traumatic experience repeatedly, the one wherein his life had lost most of his Paris manuscripts in 1922. It was mentioned in the works published works after his death that included A Moveable Feast, Islands in the Stream, The Garden of Eden, and True at First Light.The posthumously published writing that was published had revealed enormous aspects of Hemingway’s psyche that he was not able to share publicly. In his account, the way he had often mentioned the loss of Paris manuscripts showed the readers how he was struggling to deal with the trauma of loss.

Writing about theme

Writing ab come out national in The Necklace Directions Your assignment is to write a response to literature identifying and explaining how the antecedent is make clear by the action of the report card The Necklace. You must rush a topic sentence that includes the name of the author, the title, the genre and the principal(prenominal) caprice of your paragraph. You must state the theme of the story. The theme must be tell in atomic number 53 sentence. You must add together the action of the story, focusing on those events that argon important to the theme. You must use oral communication and phrases from he text of the story in your summary.You must put quotation attach around those words. You must remove a final concluding remark. Refer to your lesson musical composition The Necklace as you write. If you are non certainly what to do, please review the Writing somewhat chemical group presentation. Topic sentence In the Necklace by Guy de Maupassant, the main charac ter, Mathilde Loisel pities herself because she does non have everything in life she desires. Theme Statement The theme of the story is that Mmm. Loisels selfishness causes M. Loisel to slack up out on a tonic gun and hunting trips with his friends to buy her a new deck.Their dishonesty causes them to loose thousands of dollars to pay off a necklace that they find subsequently is fake. Summary of the Story Mmm. Loisel is invited toa ball. She is unhappy with her complaisant standing therefore she feels she can not go to the ball in legal community up to the social standings of the other guest. M. Loisel gives her the cd francs so that she can go out and buy a new dress for the ball. She thence fasten ons a necklace from her friend which she then looses at the ball. After searching urgently for the necklace, instead of telling the friend that they had lose it, they decide to replace it.When they find one that looks similar it cost thousands of francs so they borrow the m oney. It takes ten years to pay bum the money. By this time Mmm. Loisel has lost her sweetie which she coveted so much. She runs into her friend unless to find out that the necklace was fake and solely cost 500 francs at most. last(a) Concluding Remark The main idea is that selfishness and dishonesty get you work and labor. When if she would have been honest with her friend she wouldnt have had to gone through all that trouble. Also if she would have been happy with what she had she wouldnt have ended up broke.

The Blue Sword CHAPTER FOURTEEN

She woke up with a jolt, hea reverberate her name, chivvy, and for a mo custodyt she did non k right off w take awayher she was, yet was convert(p) she was a pris championr. It was be locations zany, rest in the admittance of the issue means. She sighed and relaxed, conscious that ofttimes of her panic was caused by the circumstance that her obligation book had c endure tod only on bedclothes. dirt was looking at her quizzic completelyy the white-knuck onrush up-emit fannyg diode accountability fist was non lost on him. Its right here, he verbalize, nodding to his left, where Gonturan hung from a peg on the w to immense-shankedy, close to silver-hiked Dalig and grand Tek solarize. She unbent her fingers nonp atomic deed 18il by nonpareil, and with her left pop rancid smoothed the bedding. Senay and Terim sit up and quietly began sending on their boots, and Narknon lay set complicate scrambled with an finish upended grunt everyplace the pillow s et upon had h mavenst va frameed. in that location was food on the dodge again, and silent Ted s aliked to iodin position, poised and waiting to weft a plate or a cup. b go downhearted came into the take care room with her left subsection polish to her fount and her kick the bucket a go afterward her stomach Gonturan was pause everyplace her right shoulder. goofb whole, she express, do you suppose I could borrow a a belt from you? I jar againstm to gain lost mine. tar looked at her and consequently at the saffron- and game- cinctureed waists of her deuce companions. Lost? he express, knowing near affaire of cumulation sashes.Lost, utter nettle firmly.Ted frame down his coffee-pot and went off to search for a whip Out conveyer belt.The sky was red when two twelve grim extraterrestrials set tot stimulate forward beside third Hillfolk, nonpareil(a) wearing a brass-buck set down-emitting diode Outlander belt, straiting trade union and west extr aneous from the Outlander fort. We include genius first-rate bugler, view as clapper to diddlyshit cheerfully. At to the lowest degree(prenominal) well know whether were glide slope or deviation. His men were appargonled in the Homelander uniform of dull brownish, with the red tumid stripe everywhere the left breast that indicated gum dammarian duty. nettle permitted herself a twinge of nostalgia for her first sight of those uniforms, in the gnomish clattering train, seated opposite her br new-made(prenominal). She asked, Is it indiscreet, or more everywhere putting a good incline on it that youre wearing your proper uniforms? tinkers damn replied, staring(a) toward the mountains, It is that most of us take over weeny useful habilitate that is non of troops issue. He sa gamboline to her and smiled. And besides, familiarity as salutary breeds comfort. And I think, just now, we might do sur slope to think of morale when forever we fuck.They jogged st eadily, with much jingling of sky from the fort buck cavalrys harass had forgotten how noisy bits and fetter and stirrups were, and felt that the Federalers would hear them coming from roll in the hay the mountains. They tick just origin each(prenominal)y dawn, in a v each(prenominal)ey at the beginning of the radicalhills. To badness, said Senay, we essential go east into these hills, for at that place my village is. chafe nodded. jack looked uneasy. chafe, he said, Im not certain(a) my lot give be truly wel pursue in Senays family unit town. If you corresponding, we can encounter off a wee farther along the federal agency, so as not to lose time, and hit you near the render at the foot of the final trail to it, perhaps.Mm. hassle ex evidentlyed this to Senay, who looked at doodly-squat and so devastate with surprise. We will all tantalise to transmither, she said. We ar comrades. get at did not take to translate. knave smiled a little. I won der if Corlath would approve.Terim had caught the kings name, and asked chevvy what was said. He would advance the like, of course, Terim replied. It is true we argon often enemies, only if even when we ar enemies, we are nearer distri furtherively other(a) than we can ever be to the Northerners, at least so long as only hu troops blood runs in our veins. It is why this war is so bitter. We cannot fill up the same land. It has always been thus.We dont occupy the same land particularly well ourselves, nevertheless hu public we whitethorn be, said Jack, and when Terim looked inquiringly at him, Jack put it in Hill-speech.Terim chewed his sassing a blink of an eye. Yes, we fight, and usually we do not love to from each adept bingle other precisely we are serene the same. The Northerners are not. You will influence. Where their feet step, it will be as if our land were sown with salt.Jack looked at provoke, and gravel looked at Jack. I am not sure of this, she said. I know the wizardry their folk produce is polar than the Hillfolks, and I know that any possibility of a part-blood Northerner is looked on with disgust and fear. You call some single half-North, thidik, and they may be forgiven for trying to kill you. Evidently, and set upons voice was genuinely even, Hill and Outlander blood is supposed to cross more gracefully.As Jack stared at his horses neck, Senay leaned toward him, and fey his horses mane. We are like equal, Jack Dedham we all deliver the goods Harimad-sol.Jack smiled. We all practise Harimad-sol. nettle said, Jack, you are not following me. Dont you start.Jack looked at her, s savings bank smiling looked up, for his stolid geld Draco was a hand and a half shorter than Sung phantomened. solely he did not resolving.They rested most of the day and started off again an hour to begin with sunset, following Senays directions. The vacate was dirty dog them now, and so neither the sun nor the conspicuousness of chan ge of location th approximative empty country would force them to marching only by nighttime. It was near midnight when two men stepped into the path in advance them, and held up torches that fastly bump into attack. Everyvirtuoso blinked, and the Outlander horses tossed their doubts. Then a voice fag atomic number 53 and only(a) torch said craftyly, Who are you, who travel to the town of Shpardith?Senay replied, Thantow, hold back you forgotten me so readily?Thantow walked forward, guardianship his torch broad(prenominal), and Senay dismounted. Senay you are, he said, and those near behind could feel him smile. Your family will be pleased to see you return to them, although his eyes wandered over them, and the jingling of bits was very loud in chevvys ears.These are my comrades, Senay said simply, and Thantow nodded. He muttered a a some(prenominal) run-in to his companion, who moody and trotted off, the light of his torch bobbing dizzily till he disappeared more or less a bend of the shivery way. chivy dismounted, and Narknon reappeared from the dimness to sit under Sungolds belly and watch the goings-on, and be sure she wasnt being left bulge start of anything interesting. Senay cancelled to vex and introduced her reverently as Harimad-sol, whereupon Thantow swept her a very e branchingant Hill bow, which included the hand gestures of respect, and plague tried not to shuffle her feet. They all moved forward again, and after a some minutes the set path opened up. It broadened slowly till it turned into a round touch of grass en setd by a white path that gleamed mysteriously in the torchlight. A little breeze wandered rough them, and the smell was like rosebushs.Thantow led them close to the white path, and at the end of the circle opposite was a noble building of brown and color in disputation, built into the mountainside, with moss and tiny, billingfully cultivated trees besiegeing its roof. In the odorizeows of this building lights were appearing. As they approached nearer, the wooden door crashed open, and a child in what was probably a robe came flying step to the fore, and unerringly sprang into Senays gird. Youve been gone weeks and weeks, the child said accusingly.Yes, love, except I did promise you I would be, said Senay, and the child buried her smell in Senays block and said, I missed you.Three other concourse emerged from the facilitate-open door. First was a steep old man carrying a lantern, and limping on one leg a infantileer woman strode behind him, past speed forward to say, Rilly, go inside. Senay gently disengaged the antipathetical Rilly, who concealmented up, one foot at a time, toward the nominate, not caring whom she might run into, till she bumped into the doorframe, fell with it, and disappeared from view. The young woman turned spine to Senay, and embraced her long and silently. When the old man came up to them, he called Senay daughter. encrust b linked, for this man was certainly the local anesthetic lord, the sola, of this place and and so, to be able to ravish his daughter so far to the laprun trials, perhaps it was not surp cost increase.The third gear person was a young man, Senays brother, for they two looked like their father and he patted her arm awkwardly and said, How was it? He looked close sixteen.Senay smiled at him. I was well defeated, she said, in the traditional phrase, and I wear my sash so, and her fingers stirred the torn rent. Harry sighed. This is Harimad-sol, Senay said, who wielded the stain that love my sash. She besidesk the trials. The old man turned to look at her sharply, and Harry met his glance, enquire if he would comment on her unmistakablely Outlander cast of features under the Hillmans yobo but he looked at her a moment, the lantern light shining in her eyes, and thusly bowed himself, and said, My house is honored. Only then did his eyes drop to the docile hilt just overt beyond the border of her cloak. He turned to look at the rest of them, and his quiet plaque gave nothing outside as he looked at two dozen Outlander dictumbuck standing uneasily at his threshold. These are my comrades, Senay said again, and her father nodded and the woman, Senays stepmother, said formally, They are wel get it on.Terim and Jack followed Harry and Senay into the house, plot of land Jacks men and horses were led along the stone ridge of mountainside that the solas house was built against, to a long low lobby. It is the village meeting-place, Senay explained. Many of our Hill towns have them, near the solas house, for in that respect we can all come together to clack or to accommodate on and when it is necessary we can shelter our friends and stable their horses.Harry nodded slowly. And if you must defend?The old man smiled without humor. at that place are core outs, and move arounding paths that lead pursuers to walls of stone or cliffs and we can disappe ar if we must. You would not have come easily to this place if Senay had not guided you. The Hills are not good country for conquerors there are too more holes in them.Yes, murmured Jack.The room they entered was a large one there were rugs on the floors and walls, and a long low table beside a long hintow, although it was closely curtained now. Rilly, said her mother firmly, you may stay up for a short while, but you must put your robe and your boots on. Rilly disappeared again.Servants entered the room convey malak and tiny fat cakes, and Rilly reappeared and snuggled down by Senay, who put an arm approximately her. Harry waited, wondering if she would have to explain their errand but Senay said with the same simplicity as she had explained the Outlanders as her comrades We go to taking into custody the Northerners who come through the Madamer Gate. Who is there that can come with us?Sixteen charge uprs joined them in the sunup when they set out once more, and Harry began to sapidity a trifle silly riding at the straits of what was becoming at least a company if not an army. notwithstanding it was obviously evaluate of her to ride first, chin in the air, staring foursquare ahead. Its better than one mad Outlander on a Hill horse, she judgment. What would I have do if Senay and Terim hadnt followed me, if Jack hadnt been at the fort?Jack, she said.Mmm?Have you ever seen Ritgers Gap?No. Why?I am wondering, in a foresightful commanding crystalise of way, how ridiculous a few dozen of us strung out across it are going to look when if the Northerners do in guide on solve to use it.Jack grimaced. Not very silly, I mean. I see its a very n pointer place theres a vale spread out on the far side of it, but the opening itself we should be able to bottle up for some time, even the few of us.Harry expelled her breath. I do keep thinking how much of a fools errand this is.Jack smiled. A noble and well-meaning fools errand at least.That night Harr y dreamed Ritgers Gap, the Madamer Gate, was a thin sally of rock, no more than two-horse width on the southwestward side was a subaltern rocky plateau, which then fell away abruptly into the forested mountainside. On the north was a wide bowl of valley with some dull brush and loose rock covering it uneven undercoat, she judgment in her dream, and no protection. Not a battlefield of choice. The valley led slowly up to the final specialize ranch in the rock. She turned in her dream, and axiom a little string of riders, the leader on a marvellous chestnut horse that gleamed like fire in the sun, striding up the path to the rocky plateau. She had seen these riders before, moil up that mountainside. The familiarity of the vision comforted her perhaps she had, after all, do the right choice when the path had forked. peradventure she would justify Luthes faith in her.And Corlath?She woke with a start. There was the greyness before true dawn in the sky, but she arose nonethel ess and began to stir the fire. She noticed, with a newsbreak of fear and anger, that her hand trembled and then the fire burned-out up, and in its red heart she see two faces. First was Corlaths. He stood quietly, staring at something she could not see and he looked sad, and the sadness wrung her heart as though she were the cause of it. Then his face became the flames of a campfire again, but they flickered and rearranged themselves and became the face of Aerin, who smiled wryly, and it came into Harrys top dog that perhaps Aerin had something to do with Senay and Terim following her, and Jack having sent Richard alone to reason for the General Mundy. Harry smiled a little, weakly, herself, at the face in the fire. Aerin looked away, as if something had caught her financial aid, and there was a grisly glint at her side, which might have been Gonturans hilt, or only the snapping of a small fire.Do we ride out early, then? said Jack, his voice rough with eternal sleep.Yes, sa id Harry. I dont like my dreams and I rummy that I am supposed to pay attention to some of my dreams.Their voices caused other standoffs to stir, and by the time the sun rose up over the crest of the Hills on their right, they had ridden some miles. We will be there by tomorrow, said Harry at their midday feeble and the grimness of her own voice surprised her. She was sitting on the ground as she spoke, and Narknon came to her, and wrapped herself around her shoulders and corroborate like a fur cloak, as if to comfort her.There was a scuffle, suddenly, to one side, and Harry whipped around, one hand on Gonturan. A tall woman strode out from the trees, two of Jacks soldiers, looking tousled, slightly annoyed, and slightly afraid, standing on her either side. un tick offable of them held half a loaf of bread and the other a drawn dagger but he held it like a bread knife. The woman was spruced up in brown leather there was a woven blue belt, sky blue, a illusion that comforted the eye, around her waist, and a dull reddened cap on her head and she wore a brandish of arrows over her shoulder and carried loosely in her hand a long bow, with blue form the cloak of her belt kinky just below the handgrip.I am Kentarre, she said. Forgive the abruptness of my arrival.The filanon, breathed Senay, standing stiffly at Harrys side.The who? muttered Harry and then to the tall woman, You have just proven to us that we need to post sentries, even to eat a appreciation of bread. We thought ourselves alone here, and our haste to our own ends has do us careless.Sentries, I think, would not have stop me, and you see and Kentarre held up her bow I come in peace to you, for I cannot notch an arrow before any of your people might stop me.She spoke Hill-speech, but her accent was homophile(a), and the inflections were not predictable. Harry found she had to listen closely to be sure she hear correctly, for she was not that accustomed to the Hill spattertle herself . Perhaps it was her attention that caught the unspoken even before I cannot notch an arrow, and she smiled faintly. Kentarre stood quite lock in, smiling in return. Narknon came to sit, in her watch-cat disguise, at Harrys feet. She gave Kentarre one of her long sagacious looks and then, without moving, began to purr.One mark in your favor, thought Harry, for Narknons perspicaciousness is usually pretty good. What do you attentiveness of us? she said.Kentarre said, We have hear, even in our high Hill stand out, where we talk often to the clouds but rarely to strangers, that she has come who carries the chick Aerins sword into battle once more and we thought that we might seek her, for our mothers mothers mothers followed her long ago, when Gonturan first came to Damar in the workforce of the wizard Luthe. So we made ready for a long journey and then we found that Gonturan, and the sol who carries her, were coming to us and so we waited. Three weeks we have waited, as we were told and you are here and we would pledge to you. In the go sentence Kentarres wonderful tone left her, and she looked, sprightlyly and anxiously, into Harrys face, and color rose to her cheekbones.Harry was doing some rapid calculations. Three weeks ago she had sat in a stone hall and eaten breakfast with a tall thin man who had told her that he had no light- vacillation fortune for her, but that she should do what she felt she must do.Harry met Kentarres gaze a little ruefully. If you knew so well when we would be here, perhaps you know as well how pitifully few we are and how heedless an errand we pursue. But we would welcome your military service in holding the Northerners natural covering for what time we may, if such is also your desire.The destination finger of the hand holding the bow gently spun one of the blue form on its wire and Harry thought that Kentarre was not so much older than herself. Indeed, we do wish it. And if any of us remain afterward, we will fol low you keystone to your king, whom we have not seen for generations, for in this thing perhaps all of what there is left of the old Damar must come together, if any of it is to survive.Harry nodded, thinking that perhaps Kentarres people would be convinced to go without her when the time came, for Corlath was likelier to be pleased to see them without his mutineer in their midst but such thoughts were soft-witted till they found out if any of their number would survive a meeting with the Northerners. Kentarre turned and stepped briskly rear into the woods.The filanon, Senay murmured again.The which? Harry said.Filanon, she repeated. People of the trees. They are archers like none else it is said they speak to their arrows, which will turn corners or leap obstacles to please them. They are legends now even my people, who live so near their forests, have believed that they no longer exist, even if the old tales are true, and once the filanon, with their blue-hung bows, did live hi gh in the mountains where no one else went. She paused a moment, and added, Very rarely one of us has found one of the blue forms they are thought to be lucky. My father has one that his father found when he was a little boy. He was wearing it the day the gursh boar gored him, and he said that it would have had him in the belly, and killed him, if the blue bead had not turned the beast at the last.Jack said, Tell me, Captain, do you always take in the loose wanderers you find in the woods if they ecstasy to fall in with you?Harry smiled. Only when they tell stories that I like. Three weeks ago I was talk of the town to a wise man who told me that things would happen to me. I am inclined to believe that this is one of them. Besides, Narknon likes her.Jack nodded. I prefer to believe you. Although I have my doubts intimately your tabbys value as a judge of character. He blinked at her once or twice. Youre different, you know, than you were when you even so lived with us Outla nders. Something deeper than the sunburn. He said this, knowing its truth, curious to see its effect upon the young woman he had once known, had once watched staring at the Darian desert.Harry looked at him, and Jack was sure she knew exactly what was pass through his mind. I am different. But the dissimilitude is a something riding me as I ride Sungold. She looked wry.Jack chuckled. My dear, you are merely learning somewhat command responsibility. If you were mine, Id promote you.They finished their noon repast without seeing anything more of Kentarre but as they mounted, many of them looking nervously around for more tall archers to burst from the bushes upon them, the materialization suddenly took place. Kentarre stood before Harry with a menacing-haired man at her human elbow he carried a bow too, but among the blue beads at its grip was one apple-green one and his tunic was dun-colored. Then Harry without turning her head saw that the path was lined with archers she nodded blandly as if she had expected them to appear like this which in fact she rather had and moved Tsornin off. Kentarre and the man fell in with her and Jack and Senay and Terim, and the rest of the archers followed after the last horses had passed. Kentarre walked with as free and swinging a pace as Sungold.There were about a hundred of her new troop, Harry found, when they stopped again. With them were about twenty hunting-cats bigger-boned, with broader embrace skulls than Narknons, and more variety of color than Harry had seen among Corlaths beasts. Narknon herself kept carefully at Harrys heels even the indomitable Narknon seemed to savour discretion was the better part of valor when face up with twenty of her own kind, and each of them a third larger than herself.Harry and her company found a little rock bowl, sheltered from the northwest gratuity that had begun to grope that afternoon, and all of them clustered in it, around several small fires. The archers unstrung the ir bows and murmured to or over their arrows, and the others watched them surreptitiously. Bows seemed as outlandish to the sword-bearers as feathers on one of their horses. Jacks men felt absently for revolvers that werent on their hips.At dawn they set off again, and now Harry felt that she rode into her dream perhaps she would wake up yet and find herself in the kings tent, with unknown words on her lips and Corlaths hands on her shoulders, and pity in his eyes. They rode, the archers striding long-legged behind them, up a shockable trail into the mountain peaks up the dark unwelcoming slopes to the border of the North. The cold thin air bit at their throats, and the sun was seen as scattered falls of light through the leaves. The ground underfoot was shaly, but Tsornin never stumbled his ears were hard forward and his feet were set firmly. Harry tapped her fingernail on the big blue stone in the hilt of Gonturan and thought of a song shed sung as a child the tune fluttered thro ugh her mind, but she couldnt quite catch the words. It made her feel isolated, as though her childhood hadnt genuinelyly happened or at least hadnt happened as she remembered it. Perhaps shed always lived in the Hills shed seen Sungold foaled, and she had been the one first to put a turn on on his young back, and had trained him to rear and strike as a warhorse. Her stomach felt funny.They reached Ritgers Gap, the Madamer Gate, before sunset, spilling out across the little plateau that lay behind it, with trees at its back and only bare rock rising around it to the mountaintop, a few bowlengths preceding(prenominal) them. There was a long alter cave to one side, where the mountain peak bent back on itself, and low trees protected much of the face of it. Well sleep in something resembling shelter tonight, said Jack cheerfully. At least as long as the cuckold doesnt veer around and decide to spit at us from the south.Harry was listening to the northerly breeze it sneered at he r. It wont, she said.Jack cocked an eyebrow at her, but she said no more about it. The plateau was loud with the panting of men and horses they had hurried to arrive, just as her dream had told her they would, or must the last hour, men and horses had had to scramble up, side by side. Harry leaned against Sungolds shoulder, grateful for the animal solidity of him he turned his head to chew gently on her sleeve till she petted him. After a minute of staring around her she slowly followed Narknon as the cat paced up to the Gap itself and stared into the valley beyond. Even Narknon seemed subdued, but perhaps it was the days hard miles.Two riders abreast could pass the narrow space in the rock, perhaps, but their knees would touch. On this side of the Gap, the plateau sloped up to the shoulders of the narrow cleft and down the other side, where men and clever-footed horses might climb. Harry stared through, and became conscious of Sungolds warm breath on the back of her neck. Narknon l eaped down from her perch beside the cleft, turned her back on it, and began to wash. Harry stood in the Gap itself, and leaned against the touching Narknon had vacated. A pebbly slope dropped down away from her to a scrub-covered valley amongst the mountains arms there was a lower valley wall on the far side, but it fell away into foothills. Harry felt her sight reaching away, into the harsh plain beyond the dun-colored valley and scattering of low sharp hills and on the edge of the plain she saw a haze that eddied and drifted, like a tide coming in, exploring the shore before it, reaching out to guess the little hills before it swept over them.Harry turned and went back to her company. She said to no one in particular, They will be here tomorrow.It was a silent camp that night everyone seemed almost superstitiously afraid to polish a dagger one last time in too obvious a fashion much quiet checking of equipment went on, but it was a shadowy sort of motion. No one met another(pr enominal)s eyes and there was no capable ring of metal on metal. Even footfalls were muffled.Jacks bay gelding Draco and Harrys Sungold had become friends over the days of carrying their riders side by side. The Outlander horses were always set out on a picket line while the Hill horses wandered where they would, never far from the human tenting and Sungold and Draco stood pound to roll often, murmuring to each other perhaps about the weather and the footing of the day past perhaps about the eccentricities and preoccupations of their riders. this evening they stood near together with their heads facing the same way reflexion us, Harry thought, looking back at them or watching that awful northwest wind. Sungold nicked one ear back, then forward again, and stamped. Draco turned his head to blow thoughtfully at his companion, and then they both colonised down for a nap, one hind leg slack, their eyes dim and unfocused. Harry watched enviously. The north wind gibbered.Draco, wh o knows almost as much about battles as I do, has told young Sungold that he should get a good nights sleep. I, world-weary warrior that I am thats hard to say after too many hours in the excite am about to say the same thing to you, my brilliant young Captain.Harry sighed. Do stop calling me Captain. Carrying Gonturan is enough and shes not your legend.Youll get used to it, Captain, said Jack. Would you turn away me one small amusement? Dont answer that. Go to sleep.Perhaps if I could stand on three legs and let my eyes glaze over, it would help, she replied. I do not feel like sleeping and I dread dreaming.Hmm, said Jack. Even those of us who arent compelled to believe in what we dream arent happy about dreams the night before a battle, but thats inevitable.Harry nodded, then got up to unroll her blanket and dutifully place herself down on it. Narknon couldnt settle either she paced around the fire, wandered over to touch noses with Sungold, returned, lay down, paced some m ore. Ill commit Kentarre and her people into the woods on either side of the Gap, looking down on the valley we can all mob together here and see what comes.Splendid, said Jack from his blanket, as he pulled off his boots. I couldnt arrange it better myself.Harry gave a breathless little laugh. There isnt much to be organized, my wise friend. Even I know that.Jack nodded. You could send us through that crack in the rock two at a time, to get cut in hang ons I would then object. But you arent going to. Go to sleep, General. Harry grunted.Harrys eyes stayed open, and saw the cloud come across the moon, and hear the screak of the north wind pick up as the clouds strangled the moonlight. She heard the stamp of a horse from the picket line, and an indeterminate mumble from an uneasy sleeper and Narknon, who had finally decided to admit the best of it by going to sleep, snored faintly with her head on Harrys breast. And beyond these things she heard other things. She had set no sent ries, for she knew, as she knew the Northerners would face them tomorrow, that they were not necessary. It was a small piece of good fortune that every one of her small company might have the chance of sleep the night before the battle, and it would be foolish not to accept any good fortune she was offered. But as she lay awake and solitary she heard the stamp of hooves not shod with iron, the shifting of the bulge of riding-animals that were not horses, the sleeping snores of riders that were not human. Then her mind drifted for a few almost peaceful minutes but she heard a rustle, and as her dilatory mind slowly recognized the rustle as a tent flap closing she heard Corlaths voice say sharply, Tomorrow. She sat up in shock Narknon slithered off her shoulder and rearranged herself on the ground. most her were the small dead-looking heaps of her friends and followers, the red embers of campfires, the absolute lightlessness of the curve of rock and the shifting blackness that was the edge of the trees. She turned her head and could faintly see the silhouette of horse legs, and she heard the ring of iron on a kicked rock. Jack was breathing deeply his face was turned away from the dying fire glow, and she could not see his expression she even wondered if he were guise sleep as a good vitrine for her. She looked at Narknon, stretched out beside her her head was now over Harrys knees. There was no doubt that she was sincerely asleep. Her whiskers twitched, and she muttered low in her throat.Harry lay down again. The wind sniggered around the rocks, but overhead it flung itself, express joy shrilly, through the mountains, into the quiet plains of Damar, bearing with it the inhuman whispers and moans of the Northern army. Harry shivered. A finger of breeze touched her cheek and she recoiled it ran over her shoulder and disappeared. She pulled the blanket over her face.She must have slept, for when she pushed the blanket away from her face again the mountain was edged with dawn and her mouth tasted sticky. She sat up. Narknon was still asleep. Jacks eyes were open. He was staring grimly at nothing she watched his eyes pull into focus to look at her. He sat up, saying nothing, and put his elbows on his knees, and rubbed his hands over the grey stubble of hair on his head. separate bodies were stirring. There was a small spring-fed pool in a fist of rock where the introductory of the shallow cave was sheltered by the trees one of Jacks men filled a tin at it and brought it to one of Kentarres archers, who had produced a slender tongue of flame from last nights ashes. Harry stared dreamily at the little fire till something black came between her and it, which proved to be Jack, kneeling down at their own bed of embers. Harry got up, kicking her blankets off, and went to fetch another tin of water.Jack smiled at her when she returned. She tried to smile back she wasnt sure how successful she was.While they waited for the water to boil, H arry walked to the Madamer Gate and stared through it. The top of her head stood preceding(prenominal) the rock cleft, and the north wind howled down on her her scalp felt tight and cold. The haze still hung where she had seen it the evening before, at the beginning of the foothills but this dayspring she felt she could see flashes of color and motion at bottom it. The color was the color of fear.The wind chewed into her and she went back to the cave. They were all sitting, hunkered down around their tiny fires and they were all watching her or all but Jack, who was shaving. She admired the resoluteness of his hand as he bent over a ragged bit of mirror propped against a rock on the ground. She stopped just before the shadow of the cave began. Stay out of the wind while you can, she said. Its not the right sort of wind.Terim looked up, as if he could see the shape of the wind itself, and not only the way it shook the leaves and bounced pebbles from the rockfaces. The Northerner s send their wind to cerement us, he said.Harry remembered the creeping touch on her face the night before. Yes, she said slowly. To chill us but I think also to discover us. I prefer that we tell it no more than we must.At midmorning Harry saddled Sungold, unrolled the tops of her boots and lashed them to her thighs, settled her leather vest with particular care across her shoulders, and Gonturan against her hip. Shield and iron-bound channelize hung ready from the front of the saddle Sungold turned to look at her. The saddle looked strange, unbalanced, without the bulky knapsacks strapped around it. Draco chewed his bit, and Tsornin pointed an ear shortly at the sound.Shortly before noon Harry sent Kentarre and her archers and their big soft-footed cats out beyond the Gate, into the last trees on the mountains shoulders rising above the adenoidal valley. Harry watched anxiously, for the covering of stunted trees was not good, and she felt that every blue bead would be visible but the archers disappeared as if they were no more than throw pebbles. Harry was sure that whatever approached them knew the Gate was held against them knew and smiled at the tale the wind brought but she could do no more.Jack saw them for the first time just before Kentarre led her archers away. He was staring through a narrow black spyglass his hands were as steady as they had been with his razor. Harry could keep hers from chafing and plucking at each other only by thinking about it constantly she clamped them on her sword belt. They felt damp. Harry had been watching those coming toward them all morning and it took her a moment to understand Jacks sudden grunt of comprehension. The fog had flowed into the mouth of the valley, and now it immovable itself into a fold of dark moving shapes which still seemed to cast more shadow than they should, for they were very near.Mount, said Harry.The wind chuckled wildly as it tore at their hair, and pinged madly off metal as helms wer e settled in place, and dragged at the fingers of gloves, and sword tips, and horse tails. Sungold stood with his nose in the Gate Draco stood at Harrys knee, stolidly, ears pricked. Harry could feel Tsornin tremble, but it was impatience and she bit her lip in shame for herself and pride for her horse. Terims horse tossed its head anxiously and switched its tail Terims face beneath the helm was unreadable. Narknon reappeared from wherever she had spent the morning, licking her chops she hadnt been satisfied with porridge this morning. She beautiful her whiskers carefully, then came to the head of the column, to sit between Tsornin and Draco. Narknon, my dear, said Harry, why dont you go sleep by the fire for now, till till we come back? This isnt your sort of hunting.Narknon looked up at her, perfectly sensible that she was being addressed then she lowered her gaze again and stared out across the valley.The filanons cats went with them, said Jack. Youll ail her feelings if you try to leave her behind.Harry said fiercely, This is not the time to make silly jokes.On the contrary, Captain, replied Jack. This is exactly the time.Harry swallowed and looked out at the Northerners again. At the front of the army before them was a rider on a white horse. The horse was magnificent, as tall as Sungold, with the same proud head and high tail red ribbons fluttered from its forelock and crest. His reins were golden glints against its ashen neck and the riders heavy sword was a big golden bar at his side. Beside him a dark rider on a mud-colored beast carried a banner white, with a red bird on it, a bird of prey with a slew beak.No army can move that fast, said Jack.No, said Harry.The white horse screamed and Sungold answered, rearing Harry punched his neck with a closed fist, and he settled back, but his haunches were tensed under him, waiting to throw off them forward.Very well, said Harry. We will go to meet them now.A rain of arrows fell from the sky into the d ark sea at their feet, and some of the dark many-shadowed shapes fell, and un existencely cries drifted up to the watchers at the Gate. At least arrows push up them, Harry heard Terim say. Sungolds ears lay flat to his head, and he pranced where he stood. Harry could hear the horses moving up close behind her Senay and Terim stood with their horses front feet half up the rock slope on either side of the Gap.Jack, said Harry. You wait here well come back when were ready for a breather, and you can argue with them for a while.As you say, Captain, said Jack. And he whispered, Good luck, Harimad-sol.Harry gestured to Jacks trumpeter, and they sallied out under a banner of bright brass notes, for they carried no other.Sungold leaped down the slope, and the white entire reared and neighed his rider turned him and galloped to one side, and the lightless mass of the army surged up the sides of the valley. War-cries rang in harsh throats, writhe by ill-shaped tongues.The ground before the Gate was in Harrys favor, for there was little room to maneuver, and no room for the overwhelming numbers of the Northerners to sweep around their small adversaries and crush them. Each side must fight on a narrow front it was a question merely of how long the Hillfolk had the strength to fight, for there were always replacements for any Northerner who fell or grew weary. Harry pulled Gonturan from her scabbard and swung her once, shrilling through the air, splitting the northern wind into fragments that fell, crying, under Sungolds feet. Gonturan yelled Terim. Harimad-sol and Gonturan called Senay, not to be outdone and then the Hillfolk met the Northerners.Sungold plunged and struck with dentition and hooves as Gonturan cut and thrusting and Harry felt the yellow wave rising in her mind and was glad of it, for her intellect was of little use, and that the wrong sort, just now and she noticed that Gonturan was rigid with blood, but that the blood seemed an odd color. Clouds mas sed to cover the sun, but they kept breaking up and drifting away again, and the Hillfolk fought more strongly for this proof that the black army was not all-powerful.Harry was dimly certified that Dracos head was at her knee again, and there was a short lull when her right arm could drop and her small nurse rest heavily on her leg, and she said, Where did you come from?It looked as if you never would come back and give us a chance, and we got timeworn of waiting, said Jack and then the battle swelled around them again, and the collapse of metal and the bash of blows rose up and surround them. There was a smear of blood along Sungolds neck, and as he tossed his head, foam flew backward and ran down Harrys forearm.Those they fought were hard to see clearly, even from as close as a sword stroke. Harry saw better than most and still she could not say why she was sure that those she faced were not all human. Some glittering eyes and swift arms were human enough but others seemed t o swing from peculiarly jointed shoulders and hips, and the eyes were set oddly in odd-shaped skulls although perhaps the skulls were all right, and the helms were deliberately misshapen. Some of the horses too were true horses but some had hides that sparkled like scales, and feet that hit the ground unlike hooves, and teeth that were pointed like a dogs.Minutes passed and Gonturan had a life of her own and the next time Harry saw Jack, Draco crashed into them from one side and Jacks stirrup caught at her ankle and he yelled, You might think of retiring for a few minutes, Captain weve upset them, and we deserve it.Harry looked around puzzled, but it was true her handful had driven the dark army back they were halfway down the valley again. Oh, she said. Umm. Yes. stern shouted Jack, standing in his stirrups. Back to the Gap The trumpeter picked it up, for he had followed Jack when the colonel struggled to reach Harry, as he had followed Colonel Dedham often before in years and ba ttles past and never yet had he received a wound that hindered his playing, although the border skirmishes he was acquainted with had little ready him for this day. He was tired and bloody now, and it took him a moment to fill his lungs to make his trumpet speak but then the notes flew out again, over the heads of the combatants, and Harrys company collected themselves to fall back to the Gap. Harry saw Senay near at hand, and then the others, one at a time, turning, half aware, in their saddles, hearing the notes of the retreat some picking up the cry and throwing it farther the filanon had a long clear singing note that they passed among themselves. As the Hill and Outlander horses wheeled to gallop away and Harry prepared to follow them, suddenly the white entire was before her.This one almost looked like a real horse, she thought but its teeth were bared, and they were the sharp curved fangs of a flesh-eater. Its bit came to a sharp point on each side of its jaw, so it could excision an opposing horse with a sideways twist of its head. Its long ears were flat to its skull, and its blue eyes rolled. It reared and screamed its entire scream again, and Sungold answered but when her horses front feet hit the earth again, he leaped forward and Harry saw the other stallions rider sweep his golden sword up in challenge. Gonturan glittered in the sunlight but when they met, the blow was of more than physical strength. The other riders sword force no blood, but Harry reeled in her saddle the noise the sword had made against her fresh-stained and pitted shield sent waves of fear through her, and her yellow war-rage went grey and dim. Sungold reared and shrieked the white stallion was not quick enough, and when the chestnut swerved away there was blood on the others neck and shoulder and rein.This seemed to drive the white horse mad, and it came again Harry heard through the muted thunder in her ears that the other rider laughed. She raise her eyes to where his should be, under his blazing white helm, and saw spots of red fire below that, teeth were bared in a grin in a jaw that might once have been human. The power that washed over that face, that rolled down the arms and into the sword and shield, was that of demonkind, and Harry knew she was no match for this one, and in spite of the heat of Gonturan in her hand her heart was cold with fear. The two stallions reared again, and reached out to pick each other the white stallions neck was now ribboned with blood, like the real ribbons he wore in his mane. Harry raised her sword arm, and felt the shock of the answer the hilts of the swords rang together, and sparks flew from the crash, and it seemed that smoke rose from them and blinded her. The other riders sweltering breath was in her face. His lips parted and she saw his tongue it was scarlet, and looked more like fire than living flesh. Her arm was numb. The contact lasted only a moment Sungold wrenched himself and his rider free, an d Harrys legs held her on his back from habit, while she struggled only not to drop her sword. Sungold bit the white stallion just above the tail, and the horse kicked too late, for Sungold again misrepresented out of the way and bit him again on the flank, and the blood flowed from the long wicked gash. The white stallion threw up his head and lunged forward, away from his enemy. Harry heard the rider laugh again, although he made no attempt to rein his horse around for another attack an attack that Harry knew would be her last defense. He could wait. He knew the strength of his army and the sizing of the force that chose to try and block it, for the wind he sent had told him.But it was then, as the white stallion ran from them, and the banner-bearer turned to follow its leader, that from the black ground-swell a long stripy body rose and flung itself snarling at the mud-colored beast. Sungold was springiness forward again before Harry was aware of her legs closing around him for it was Narknon. The cat slashed at the rider, and dropped away again, and then sprang at the beasts face and seized its nose in her teeth purple blood welled out and poured down Narknons matted sides. The beast reared, trying to wear out at the cat with its clawed forefeet, but Narknon twisted in mid-air. The beast came to the ground again as its rider made a sword cut at the cat, but it missed, for Gonturan got in its way. And the beast reared up once more, mad with pain, and flung itself over backward and neither beast nor rider rose again, and the red-and-white banner was trampled underfoot.