Gram Staining and Distilled Water Essay Example for Free

Gram Staining and Distilled Water Essay The purpose of this experiment was to learn how to properly perform a gram stain and to also understand how gram staining can help identify either gram-positive or gram-negative organisms in the laboratory. The materials needed for this experiment included: two microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas fluorescens) in a slant agar, an inoculating loop, a microscope slide, distilled water, a Bunsen burner, four dyes (crystal violet, Grams iodine, ethyl alcohol, and safranin), bibulous paper, and a dye tray. The method for this experiment was as follows: 1) Cleaned the microscope slide with both soap and water and then dried 2) Flamed the inoculating loop with the Bunsen burner and then applied two small drops of water to each side (horizontally) of the slide 3) Flamed the inoculating loop again, allowed it to cool, and obtained a small sample of the first organism 4) Mixed the organisms on the inoculating loop with one of the drops of the water on the slide and spread to a nickel-sized drop 5) Repeated steps 3 and 4 for the other organism using the second water drop on the slide 6) Allowed the samples to dry and then heat fixed both samples. Applied the crystal violet dye, let it soak for 20 seconds, and then washed the dye away with distilled water off into the dye tray 8) Applied the Grams iodine and let it soak for a minute 9) Washed it off with alcohol for 20 seconds (or until the dye stopped running), and then immediately washed with the distilled water 10) Applied the counter-stain, safranin, and let it soak for a minute. 11) Washed with distilled water after and gently blotted it dry with bibulous paper 12) Observed both microorganisms on slide under the microscope Two different results were observed under the microscope. The first one was purple colored cocci, and the picture of the slide is on the following page. The second one revealed pink-colored rods, and the image is on the page following the first microorganisms. The results of the experiment came out as expected. There didnt seem to be any flaws in the experiment, since the colors were distinctly different. The purple cocci were identified as the Staphylococcus aureus. Because the violet dye penetrated the membrane and stained it, it was recognized as a gram-positive organism. The pink rods were Pseudomonas florescens. It was discovered to be a gram-negative organism because the organism didnt stain from the crystal violet. Since everything was easily identifiable, the experiment seemed to have gone as planned.

Counterbalancing China or Exploiting BRICS

Counterbalancing China or Exploiting BRICS COUNTERBALANCING CHINA OR EXPLOITING BRICS: OPTIONS FOR INDIA INTRODUCTION 1.BRICS, a unique group of countries with shared opportunities common challenges, came into being in New York in Sep 2006. However, it was during the third Summit at Sanya, in China, in Apr 2011 that South Africa joined this group thereby completing the acronym. BRICS symbolises the amalgamation of the most powerful emerging economies of the world into a group whose composite economic strength will wrest the global economic power away from the developedG7economies. 2.BRICS economies account for a quarter of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been consistently displaying sustained high annual growth rates. The economic potential of the BRICS nations cannot be overlooked however, it is yet to be seen whether BRICS would only limit itself to being an economic group or will it also assert itself on the world matters in global forums that have been dominated by the G7 nations. The possibilities of using its economic potential are endless. In its quest to realise the stated goals, it is imperative that these nations work jointly cohesively. 3. The Sixth BRICS Summit held in Brazil on 16th 17th Jul was an important milestone for the member nations as well as huge economic opportunities for them as well as the member nations with the announcement of making BRICS Bank operational to be headquartered at Shanghai. China and India being the two of the largest and most influential members share an uneasy relationship both economically and politically. BRICS is the key to their relationship and path to mutual growth. Statement of the Problem 4.Can India leverage BRICS platform to offset its economic and border issues with China? Hypothesis 5.India can resolve its economic and border issues with China by leveraging BRICS platform. Method of Data Collection 6.The information for this paper shall be gathered through the study of various books, journals papers in print as well as the Internet. Views of various guest speakers would also be incorporated. An attempt would be made to refer the sources from various agencies. Scope 7.The scope of the Dissertation is:- (a)Background/Historical perspective of BRICS. (b)Economic potential of BRICS. (c)Significance of BRICS in global politics/ international governance. (d)Challenges faced way ahead. (e) Sino-Indian Disputes. (e)Sino-Indian Relations in Foreseeable Future. (f) How India can leverage BRICS. CHAPTERS Chapter I : Background/Historical Perspective Of BRICS 8.This section will attempt to throw light on the origin the journey of BRICS from its inception to the present day. It will also broadly cover important aspects of the Goldman Sachs report by Jim O’ Neil that brought about the acronym of BRICS. Chapter II : Economic Potential of BRICS 9.Developing to Emerging Economies. This section of the paper will bring out the geo economic geo political journey of individual nations, leading to their present status. It will also give out the steps initiated by the member nations of BRICS to emerge as a cohesive stable economic platform. It will also highlight the key economic reforms resorted to by the BRICS nations the latent potential existing with these members. 10.Present Scenario. This section will deal with the current economic potential of the BRICS nations, both individually collectively. The present potential of BRICS has been listed as progressive however certain critical aspects that boost the economic potential are not symmetric across the members of BRICS. 12.Future Potential. The future potential as predicted for the BRICS will be discussed in this section. This section will also analyse the barriers that BRICS can implement to immune itself from the present global economic slowdown thereby maintaining its economic growth. It will aim to bring out that as economic powerhouses regional hubs, intra-BRICS market integration can insulate these nations from worldwide economic downturn. Chapter III : Significance Of BRICS in Global Politics / International Governance 13. Economics Finance. The interaction of BRICS members in order to reform international financial system is likely to remain a key priority in the midterm perhaps also in the long term. 14. Global Politics. BRICS as a group has already accumulated valuable experience in coordinating actions with regard to several major global political problems. BRICSs deeper engagement with the UN will aim to preserve strengthen the central role of the Security Council in maintaining international peace security. 15.Security. The format of the BRICS does not provide for deliberating military, political issues developing mechanisms for military cooperation. However, there are regular meetings of the high representatives of the members on security issues, including strategic stability, international regional security, non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction the settlement of regional conflicts. This section will aim to bring out the underlying security implications for the BRICS nations in current geo – political environment. Chapter IV : Challenges Faced Way Ahead 16.The BRICS is still in its nascent stage owing to which it is likely to face a number of challenges ahead. The member nations need to overcome the internal contradictions to develop the group into a cohesive entity. This section will analyse some of these challenges like:- (a)Growth Disparity between member nations. (b)Trade Imbalance Mutual Distrust. (c)Public Private Participation. (d)Policy reforms for BRICS members to make their growth processes more durable development oriented. (e)Bring out the need to reform the structure functioning of IMF. (f)Launching of a joint development bank. 17.The Way Ahead. Under way ahead, recommendations for BRICS nations to sustain their economic growth mutual development will be deliberated. The important aspects such as mutual cooperation, handling of economic situation, establishment of BRICS bank and other miscellaneous issues will be discussed. Chapter V : Sino-Indian Disputes. 18. This chapter will be covering the disputes between both the nations as under:- Border issues. Geopolitical threat. Economic imbalance. Tibet issues. Nexus with Pakistan. Potential arms race. Indian Ocean Region. Brahmaputra water projects dispute. (j) Race for minerals/hydrocarbons in Africa and CAR. Chapter V : Sino-Indian Relations in Foreseeable Future. 19. This Chapter will be dealing with the mutual relations:- (a) Political relations. (b) Economic relations. (c) Potential cooperation areas. Chapter V : How Can India Leverage BRICS? 20.Key Thrust Areas for India. There are a few key thrust areas that India must seek in order to enhance its influence in the world forums. These thrust areas such as strengthening economic infrastructure reforms, building strategic alliances with members of BRICS, maintenance of steady pace of economic growth; increasing service industry’s influence energy security will also be discussed in this section. 21.Leveraging BRICS. (a)Geo-Political Leverage. This sub section will bring out how India stands to gain Geo-Political mileage by being part of BRICS. It will cover the aspects that will bear major advantages for India in the Geo-Political sphere. (b) Economic Leverage. This sub section will dwell upon India’s likely economic gains from BRICS that will further boost its economic growth add greater value to its economic potential. (c) Geo-Strategic Leverage. BRICS offers India ample opportunities to enhance its global reach overcome certain strategic impediments. This sub section will view all these opportunities against the backdrop of the Geo-Strategic implications that they may bring forth. (d) Defence Cooperation. This sub section will analyse the opportunities that India will have in realms of security while being the member of this group especially as Russia China, two of major military powers also part of the group. CONCLUSION 19. It is well evident that BRICS has emerged as an entity that has the potential to challenge the influence of G7 in the world forums. This potential evolves from a sustained economic growth the diversity exhibited by its member nations. The economic potential of BRICS is the sole reason why it is being viewed as the initiation of a Multi Polar World Order that is set to overcome the unipolar hegemony of the US. However, BRICS, in order to maintain its economic potential will need to eradicate multiple challenges that it faces due to the Geo-strategic locations divergent national interests of its member nations. BRICS will be a success in true self only if India and China can resolve their mutual issues and steer it towards the path of development and prosperity.

Harry Potter Influenced By Classical Hero Adventures English Literature Essay

Harry Potter Influenced By Classical Hero Adventures English Literature Essay Classical mythology stories together with the hero adventures are very subtle. Greek mythology culture and religion identifies the origin of the world, gods, and humans and how that society has influence the present society today. They also happen to reveal many relevant motifs that are being used in this contemporary culture. The Joseph Campbell theory portrays a depiction of the differences and similarities in a modern twenty-first century film like, Harry Potter and the Prisoner Of Azkaban. Some of the recurrent motifs that are conveyed in both the great classical myth of hero adventures and in the Joseph Campbell theory are implicated into Harry Potter and the Prisoner Of Azkaban film, these motifs are transformation of appearances, call to adventures and Threshold of Adventures, helpers, death, resurrection and award. Joseph Campbell theory suggests that the same heroic ideas that have been used in the Greek mythology stories it is also being used in the modern fictional hero story today. For example, The Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban movie has conformed the same ideas and motifs by the main character, Harry Potter, first starting off to the struggle and unwanted refrain of living in his uncles house. As he rebels against his intolerable aunt who says horrible things to him of his parents and mistreat him, he uses forbidden magic against her which causes her to blow up. Luckily for him he does not get into trouble. After this whole misfortunate visit, Harry is disappointed and decides to pick up and leave, out of sight a bus appears and picks him up. Harry then sees the front of a newspaper with the breaking news that Sirius Black has escaped the Azkaban Prison. After Harry returns to Hogwarts School, everyone is afraid of Sirius Black. Meanwhile, Harry has bad encounters with Dementors who are dark shadows that kill you by feeding off your happy memories. In addition, Harry thinks that Sirius Black is interested in killing him. This is when Harry goes into an adventure and finds out that Sirius Black is his godfather and was an ally with the evil Voldemort who was also responsible to his parents death. During this mission, Harry fight against a werewolf, which is his Professor Lubin and against the Dementors. During this whole dilemma, Harry discovers how his godfather escaped and all the revelations of truth come out. However, at the end of the story Harry finds out that his godfather was always innocent and that his parents traitor turned out to be Peter Pettigrew who was transformed all the time as , Harry best friend; Ron pet rat. With great success Harry saves his godfathers life and an innocent animal; half eagle and half horse name Buckbeak who if it wasnt for Harry and Hermione; Harry other, best friend Buckbeak would have died. Harry and Hermione are adv ised by their superior Dumbledore to change the past. Due to this they both go on another adventure by going back into time to see how they can prevent Harrys and Buckbeak death from occurring and prevent any further catastrophe (like Harrys godfathers death). One impressive characteristic that the Harry Potter movie along with the classical myths hero adventures share is the transformations of their appearance. For example, in the classical myth the gods and goddess transform themselves into different figures all the time. In the legend of Perseus, for instance, after an oracle told his grandfather Acrisius that a son of his daughter Danae was going to kill him, Acrisius immediately afraid of this locked his daughter under the castles chamber. Nevertheless, Zeus, the god of all the gods lay with Danae by transforming himself into the shower of gold and gets Danae pregnant with Perseus. There are more situations in the classical mythology where these transformations reoccurred various times, for example, Zeus once transformed himself as his daughter Artemis to have sex with Callisto; a female huntress who is Artemis follower, and the goddess Hera; Zeus wife, also transforms herself as an old lady in the myth of Jason, where Jason himself h elps her by carrying her across a river. These stories have had a great influence in the modern fictional stories today like Harry Potters. In Harry Potters, the prisoner (Sirius Black)that escaped the prison of Azkaban, accomplished this by disguising himself into a dog. In addition to this, some of Harrys professors transform themselves into animals and other people too. The Threshold of Adventures is another motif that have influenced in both society (of ancient and modern stories). In the beginning of Harry Potters movie Harry is on vacation at his uncles house, the only family he has. In this world no one is allow to practice magic and their life is more ordinary than when Harry goes back to school. When Harry goes back to school this is where the The Threshold of Adventures is divided between his two worlds. The wizardry world and the normal life back home. This is similar to Heracles and many other heros when they are at their city and home is different from when they go on their adventures, for instances, like the Argonauts or Heracles twelve labors. Moving on, Harry starts the call to adventure when he is first told by Mr. Weasley, Rons father that Sirius Black is after him, Harry from here on knows that he has an enemy to be attentive of. Like in many other ancient heroes stories Harry faces obstacles that try to stop him from continuing to finish his conquest. For example, when Harry is on the train on his way to the School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a Dementor figure, appears on the train to kill harry, lucky for him that he was accompanied by one of the new professors that was going to be teaching in the school of magic. This call to adventure reflects to the hero Heracles, When Heracles is on his twelve labor adventures and even before then, Heracles faces many obstacles that are mostly caused by the goddess Hera. For instance, one of these obstacles is the madness of Heracles, Hera had caused Heracles to go into a fit of insanity causing a lapse of judgment on his part that made him kill his wife and three kids. Although , this tragedy causes Heracles pain, he is still able to overcome this and to continue to keep going forward. On the eleventh labor Heracles is sent to get the apples of the Hesperides during this labor Heracles comes across two impediments, one the sea-god Nereus and the other the serpent Ladon. Fortunately Heracles gets rid of these two barriers. Furthermore, like Harry, Heracles, with the help of supernatural figures and friends is able to rely on someone to help him complete his task, like in Heracles, the goddess Athena and Atlas, Heracles conquest this labor with victory. Harry most dangerous quest is when he has to fight against the Dementors and the werewolf. This is when the helper motif takes place. When Harrys intentions are to fight the werewolf, the dog which is his (godfather) fights for him. Severus Snape one of Harrys Professor is also in the fight and because of the enragement back and forth its that the truth reveals about Sirius Black innocence. Hermione and Ron help Harry runaway first from the Werewolf and then Hermione uses her voice to make a sound to distract the werewolf from hurting Harry. After the werewolf leaves Harry, he is then tormented by the Dementors and a figure that appears in the light rescues him. Due to all this Harry then realizes that he wakes up in a hospital, this is when Dumbledore indirectly advices them to go back into time. Hermione uses her tool, a Time-Turner which is a time travel device that helps them go back in time and prevent Macnair, an executor from killing Buckbeak, and the Dementors from Killing Ha rry and Sirius Black. With the time travelling help Harry goes back and defeats the Dementors by casting a spell from the other side to stop them from killing himself and his godfather. In this movie Harry is being helped by a ghost like entity that enters a female professors body. Which assist him with a message for the upcoming future. Harry also receives the help from professors by being trained to become strong enough to get rid of the Dementors. In the classical myths hero adventures of Heracles and Perseus they receive the help from both supernatural figures and mortals. For example, the goddess Athena and the god Hermes helped these heros with their tasks. These gods also provided them with the tools to facilitate them in conquering their missions. In the myth of the hero Perseus, Athena and Hermes advised Perseus to go to the three Graeae and to force them into telling him the way to the unnamed nymphs Perseus there obtains the cap of invisibility, a pair of winged sandals, and a bag to safely carry Medusas head. Hermes also gave him a scimitar. In Heracles adventures he himself is helped by Athena as previously mentioned. Nonetheless, he is also helped by his human nephew Iolaos in the second labor that he has to perform, The Lernaean Hydra where his nephew helps kill the nine headed serpent. As a result, a new correlation can be made from the ancient times myths and from Harry Potters movie. For instance, in the Perseus legend, Perseus is told that in order for him to get the truth he needs to force the Graeaes by removing their one tooth and eye; this forces them to tell him how to locate the nymphs. Similar to this, in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban the professor Lupin forcefully transformed Pettigrew from a rat to a human, to prove to Harry that it was Pettigrew after all disguised as a rat, that was responsible for betraying Harry parents and turning them over to the evil Voldermort. These two correlations depict how the same idea of forcing someone out of their will can help the hero achieve what they want. In both these cases Harrys was seeking the truth and in Perseus was to defeat the Gordon. Next the motif of death is used in many ancient hero stories, for example, in Heracles, Deianeira, Heracles wife, had sent him a robe thinking it was going to make him fall love only with her. Unknowingly she didnt know the robe was going to cause him to burn, since the arrow that Heracles had killed the centaur with was poisoned with the hydra he had killed in earlier labors. He was in such agonizing pain that he wanted to die and so he killed himself by mounting his own funeral pyre and had it lit. This is the death of one of the heros. Furthermore, in Harry Potters movie death among the hero is also installed. For instance, when all the Dementors attack Harry and his godfather, his godfather dies and Harry dimly dies too. If it wasnt for the Harry from the future, Harry together with Sirius Black would have both deceased. The theme of death is commonly use in the modern stories today just as it was represented back in antiquity times. The motif of resurrection it is cleverly used in this recent movie just as it was used in many other classical myths. When the Dementors attacked both Harry and the Sirius Black, Sirius died, and since time is stopped there and Hermione and Harry use the time travel device, its the reason that Harry was able to go back and save his godfather and himself. In the legend of Heracles, after Heracles perished, since he had completed all twelve of his labor he received the price of immortality, Heracles father Zeus converted him into an immortal god, where he reconciled with Hera and married her daughter Hebe. Lastly, one of the most frequent motifs is price at the end of each story. In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry has the price of knowing the truth of his godfather and saving three lives, Sirius Black, Buckbeak and including the evil Pettigrew, which he didnt allow the werewolf to kill. Harrys life goes back to normal with no fear of having the thought of having someone after him to kill him. Pettigrew now owes his life to Harry. In most of the classical hero adventures, the heros have a happy ending. One illustration is when, Perseus becomes king of Tiryns and lives with his beautiful wife Andromeda. Like mention before, Heracles become an immortal god and marries the goddess of youth, Hebe. In summary, most of the modern stories today are based on the Joseph Campbell theory and the ancient classical mythologies. It gives a great depiction of how the myths of this ancient society have influence and is very relevant to the stories of this current society. The five recurrent motifs give a great exemplification of how contemporary authors and directors rely on these types of foundation to create a successful prolonged novel or movie.

Hanging of Billy Budd Essay -- essays research papers

The Hanging of Billy Budd The hanging of Billy in Melville’s Billy Budd was a questionable and complex decision made by Captain Vere. Captain Vere, or â€Å"starry Vere,† chose to coincide with the law rather than spare Billy to make himself happy. The hanging of Billy was necessary for order to remain on the ship and for justice to prevail. Billy Budd, also known as the â€Å"handsome sailor,† was on trial for killing the master-at-arms, Claggart. Everyone wished for Billy’s life to be spared, but Captain Vere chose to follow the oath he pledged to the King. Consequently, Billy was given the death penalty and hanged. Billy Budd's death was presided on very questionable cicumstances although he was liked by everyone, he was accussed of mutiny abored ship, and the muder of the Master at arms Claggert. His death was looked st as a tragedy by all abored ship even Captain Vere who made the decision to hang Billy, but it was the only decision which could have been made to keep the ship and the shipsmen from rebelling and killing all those people of higher command   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone on the ship enjoyed Billy’s presence, except Claggart. He was described to be a â€Å"sweet, pleasant fellow† (pg. 5). Captain Vere liked Billy as much or more than the others, â€Å"†¦they all loved him!† (pg. 6) Because of this, he wondered what the best choice was: save Billy, or hang him? The decision to hang Billy was, in retrospect, the right one. If Captain Vere chose not to hang Billy, no one wo...

Draining Lake Powell :: Nature Environment Papers

Draining Lake Powell This paper explores the fight between draining Lake Powell and keeping it as is. It discusses the gains and the losses due to environmental, economical, and political issues. The bibliography uses sources from public interest publications, environmental organizations newsletters, and government publications to give many sides of the argument and many issues dealing with the subject matter. REFERENCES AND ANNOTATIONS Chattergee, Sumana. â€Å"Hill gives energy-water added money.† CQ Weekly 24 Oct. 98: 2905. CQ weekly is a paper that focuses on the actions of the US government. They call themselves â€Å"100 reporters and editors, focused solely on Congress, analyze trends, members and upcoming Hill activity.† The paper actually shuts down when the senate and house is at recess. This article spotlights a bill giving money to water and power studies and plan implementation. The article is a good informative letter on the use of this money, and plans that the government has for it. It shows actual thoughts and decisions from US senators and representatives. It shows the use of money to specific programs, as well as totals. It is a good source to find the economic drains and helps along with the government sentiments on the subject. Franklin, Chris â€Å"Let the Colorado River run free† Earth Island Journal Spring 97: 23. The Earth Island Journal comes from the Earth Island Institute, an environmental foundation which is dedicated to the protecting of our worlds environment, plants, and animals. It did seem strange that in the mission statement they mentioned one living thing to save, the sea turtle. They were created in 1982, and have 32 worldwide projects. Their journal, the Earth Island Journal, is said to be a â€Å"tree free† print. What is it printed on I wonder? This article focuses on more than Lake Powell; it talks about the 11 dams which are now on the Colorado, and the ecological changes which are taking place along the whole of the river. It uses examples from the Glen Canyon dam to help the argument, but still does not talk about any positive changes in the Colorado River ecosystem.

Bullying & Statement of the Problem

Bullying is an issue that has been affecting many in the world today. It takes place in many forms some of which are direct and include physical harm on the victim. Verbal bullying involves name calling and insults or threats being directed at the victim and may also involve emotional bullying where the victim’s emotions are targeted by the bully. Other forms of bullying may be indirect where the harm is not caused on the person directly but it still ends up affecting the person. Bullying is termed as a form of abuse that uses power and dominance to those that are weaker and less powerful.Bullying has been taking place in various areas but it is mostly common in schools and workplaces. It exists in various social groups, social classes and is found all over the world. The behavior is usually repetitive and aggressive and it is based on the sole intention of hurting the victim. Bullies carry out the behavior to harm the other person as a way of gaining power over the other pers on. It is normally a behavior that is planned and purposeful. Bullying in schools has become very common and it has led to some very serious consequences.It has led to physical violence in forms of fight and in some extreme cases deaths by suicides. Cases have emerged of some forms of bullying in the schools that have led to some of these severe consequences. Children who are victims have had to live with short term and long term consequences of the behavior. Some of the other effects include poor performance in their studies, depression, bedwetting, being withdrawn, changing schools regularly and is some cases suicides among others (Norfolk, n. d). Over 7% of children especially in the 8th grade tend to stay at home once a month since they are bullied in schools (Banks, 1997).Reports have also shown that about 15% of students are bullied on a regular basis with some being initiated into the bullying practice. Direct bullying is more common among boys than with the girls. However ph ysical abuse in boys tends to reduce as they progress in age. The victims of bullying sometimes carry these effects such as depression and low self esteem into their adulthood. b) Historical Overview Bullying in schools has been on going for a long time now and is experienced in very many areas of the school.It occurs in some specific areas in the school compound and environment which include the School Bus Park, hallways and bathrooms and even during recess (Banks, 1997). It normally consists of a group of bullies who like isolating a student and bullying them by teasing and taunting the student. Some of them pressure the student to perform various tasks that humiliate the student. Teachers and school administrators have also been known to perpetrate bullying in the schools. They target a particular student and humiliate or abuse the student aggressively. The causes of bullying arise from the social setting of the bullies.The bullies usually get the trait from the family setting or from experiences from home. Studies have shown that most bullies emerge from families that experience physical forms of punishment and where the families are undergoing some form of abuse. School bullies tend to lack warmth from their parents and they then strike back through bulling other children in order to handle their problems. They may also acquire the behavior by learning it from friends and peers (Banks, 1997). There are several characteristics that bullies have in common especially in the schools.Most of the students who feel the need to bully others are usually looking to gain control since they normally feel more powerful than their intended victims. They tend to get satisfied once they see their victims suffering and they do not feel empathetic at all towards the victims (Stanffordshire, n. d). When defending themselves they sometimes use the reasons that the victim provoked them to bully them. Most bullies usually have high self esteem and they rarely perform the bully ing act since they feel bad for themselves. They are however antisocial, defiant and badly behaved.They tend to break rules and display a lot of arrogance and opposition in schools. Victims of bullies on the other hand are usually very insecure, cautious and they suffer from low self esteem (Olweus, n. d). They rarely confront the bullies to defend themselves. They are insecure and anxious and may lack social skills needed to make friends. They tend to come from families where their parents are overprotective. The major characteristic that is found with victims of bullying is that they are weaker than the bullies and this makes it difficult for them to fight the bullies back.The purpose of this paper is to advocate for laws to be passed across the U. S to ban bullying in schools and teachers and administrators being given more authority and responsibility to intercept and deal with bullying. This paper discusses bullying as a problem in schools n regard to how it has evolved in the past, its effects on the victims and how it can be stopped. The role of teachers and school administrators in the prevention of bullying is also highlighted together with their views and those of parents and legal sources.The various laws that have been passed by the U. S states are discussed and how important they are in relation to the increase in suicides cases among children and long term psychological impacts on victims. Finally the state of Massachusetts’ stand on bullying laws is discussed. 2. 0 Methodology This research paper is an insight into an in-depth analysis of a review of literature with respect to bullying and why laws should be passed across the United States on the same in an effort to curb this vice.Moreover, studies related to the giving of teachers and administrators more authority and responsibility to intercept and deal with bullying rather than ignoring it has been adequately studied. It bears noting that the focal point of the study is mainly on book s and other scholarly materials which tackle bullying from all aspects. This is particularly bent on the fact that much as many students go through this, some of the experiences they pass through in the process affect them adversely later in life. All the scholarly materials that were selected are either published books, certified websites and prestige journals.Moreover, these cover a wide range in terms of years because bullying is not an issue that began recently but has been there for quite some good time. It equally bears noting that all the articles analyzed were specifically from credible websites. Additionally, the research was limited to substantial secondary sources in order to employ studies already carried out by others on the same topic, primary sources were unavailable. To better analyze the whole idea, the paper was divided into categories based on the approach used to handle the whole research. 3.0 Literature Review Several studies have been done with regard to bullyi ng but the main points highlighted include the effects that come with bullying. Norfolk (n. d) puts it that children who are victims end up performing poorly in school, being depressed and some may even commit suicide. To back up this argument Banks (1997) points out that more than 7% of children in the 8th grade tend to stay at home once a month due to being bullied in school. On the same note, Stanffordshire (n. d) depicts that it is more satisfiying for the bullies to see their victims suffer.Further research indicates that victims of bullies are usually very insecure (Olweus, n. d), similarly Wright adds to the bargain by pointing out that th victims tend to have very low self esteem (2003). Moreover, Digizen (n. d) brings in a new perspective to the issues by incorporating the environment in the technological world creating anxiety among the children where children use the same for purposes of bullying. The legal view of the whole issue as pointed out by Antibullying ( n. d) is that the legal system should be efficient in weighing the matter and any cases brought forward.Likewise, authors such as Rota (2010), GLAD (2010) and O'Dowd ( 2010) have given specific suicide cases which are worth considering. Another noteworthy matter depicted in the studies of Dombeck (n. d) is that the primary outcome of the whole ordeal to the victims is to do with be loneliness being part of their life through to adulthood. It comes with relief that â€Å"Chapter 92 of the Acts of 2010,†(2010) is a law which has made it vital for anti bully policies to be posted on school websites and be made available to any student or parent if need arises. 4. 0 BullyingBullying is a serious problem that is affecting the academic and social lives of the school going children. In order to understand the problem and develop an intervention plan that can be used to stop it, it is important to identify the various forms of bullying that are going on within the schools and the trends they are taking. It is also important to understand how they are carried out and the effects that arise from the practice. This will help develop a plan that will be able to establish a safe and secure environment in the schools for all children. i) Evolution of BullyingBullying behavior has been continuously changing over the years. Different forms of bullying have emerged and they continue to develop and be used in the schools. Technology has played a very big role in the evolution of the behavior. The first forms of bullying that have existed over the years included both direct and indirect methods that were used in the practice. The methods continue to be in use till today but have been evolved by the use of technology. Name calling was one of the types of bullying that were used by the bullies on the victims (Stanffordshire, n.d). The victims were given certain names that were intended to humiliate them and lower their self esteem. The method has since evolved and is in use in more places rather than just in schools. Physical bullying has also evolved from the physical injuries that were inflicted on the victims and it has included theft as a method that is used to involve threats and lead to the violence. Social isolation that was once used to make the victims stay alone without friends and was experienced by children of all age groups has evolved to also include homophobic isolation.Homophobic isolation is the type of isolation that is practiced by the bullies on the children who are termed as gay or they are seen to be gay (Stanffordshire, n. d). It also includes those seen to be bisexual or they portray characteristics that make them seem to be associated with the opposite sex. It is being practiced in the secondary schools and higher levels of education. The method is normally spread through the social websites through gossip and in other websites. One form of bullying that has emerged in schools involves the abuse that is directed on children who are of different races and cultures.This form of bullying has been growing over the years with cases being reported that show the increase. The cases also show that the bullying is also changing according to the different age groups. 25% of children of age 8 were seen to be bullied more compared to the children who were 5 years who only made 20% of the overall cases in that age group (Stanffordshire, n. d). Cyber bullying is the latest and most commonly used form of bullying in the schools today. It continues to evolve with the changes in technology. It uses text messages, emails and various posts on websites as a way of bullying.Studies show that over 20% of young people in schools who are between the ages of 11 and 19 have been bullied through this form of bullying (Stanffordshire, n. d). The children in the schools today are growing up in a different technological world that is very different from that of the adults. They have experienced information and technological developments that they are now using to evolve the bullying practice. The environment in the technological world is becoming threatening and is creating anxiety among the children. They are misusing the technology especially the mobile and internet to bully others.Over 22% of young people have been reported to carry out cyber bulling (Digizen, n. d). They are able to carry out the whole practice remaining anonymous to the victim. This form of bullying has made it possible for the bullies to carry out the practice at any time or place (Digizen, n. d). ii) Effects of Bullying There are various consequences that are seen to arise from the practice of bullying. Students who are seen to bully others tend to carry the practice out of school and they tend to get involved in criminal activities and they experience a lot of legal trouble in their adulthood.They maintain this behavior even in the workplaces negatively affecting their ability to develop relationships that are positive. A study has proven that 60% of the students who were bullies when they were in grade 6-9 were convicted of a crime by the age of 24 (Banks, 1997). The bullies are also prone other problematic behaviors such as smoking, alcohol and drug abuse. Victims of bullying tend to be very unhappy while in schools and they end up getting depressed and have low self esteem (Wright, 2003). Their school work is affected and they may choose to remain at home instead of going to school.They tend to isolate themselves from social activities that involve the schools and this makes them even lonelier. The loneliness and depression may lead them to commit suicide. This is particularly in the cases of emotional bullying where the emotions are targeted by the bullies. The victims also have difficulties when forming relationships in the future. The by standers who witness the bullying also get affected by it. They are not able to stop the bullying or help out the victim even though he or she may be their friend. Some are usually afraid of becoming the next victim so they end up avoiding confronting the bully.Others on the other hand may be of the opinion that the victim deserved the bullying (Sampson, 2002). They may actively get involved by teasing and ostracizing the victim and motivating the bully. They may also feel less accountable for the actions that are going on when they are in a group. Hence they do not feel the urge to help the victim. iii) Role of Teachers and School Administrators Teachers and school administrators have a role to play in preventing bullying in the schools and making the schools a safe haven free from any bullying activities.They should first be aware of the existence of the problem so that they can develop measures to intervene. The teachers can help detect the existence of the practice and encourage the victims of bystanders to speak out. The interventions that are developed should be able to include the whole school and not intimidate the bullies or the victims either (Olweus , n. d). Teachers and the school administrators can also help identify the areas that are used by the bullies to attack the victims since they mostly do so in private and hidden areas. They should therefore eliminate the existence of such areas within the school’s compound.They can also involve the students to develop rules within the classrooms that are against the behavior. To increase awareness of the problem to the parents, the school administrators should develop parent teacher days to make the parents aware of the problem’s existence and the importance of the parents to get involved in the whole process (Sampson, 2002). iv) Views on Bullying in Schools a) Legal View The legal system rarely deals with cases of bullying though there are some laws that have been set up to fight against it. This is mainly because there are many cases of bullying that are not very serious.The legal system hence allows the school to deal with these small minor cases. Schools and the pa rents are given a chance to work together to come up with strategies that help prevent and stop it. It is important for the bullying cases to be handled quickly and efficiently before they bring more damages when they become too serious (Antibullying, n. d). This however does not eliminate the chances of legal action being used to stop the bullying. There are circumstances that call for legal intervention as a last resort due to the seriousness of the incident.The parents, victims and other bystanders have the responsibility to report the incident to the police. Legal action can also be carried out if the other methods that have been used to intervene by the parents and the teachers have failed. It is also encouraged when there is a possibility that the bullying will reduce once the case is reported. When the bullying also takes place outside the school compound, the parents and teachers together with the community can cooperate with the police to prevent and stop it. Bullying is tr eated as an offence that is against the law when it becomes too serious and the consequences are very damaging.It is seen to affect the rights of other individuals and their freedom. When it is carried out against other students on the basis of race and cultural differences it is termed as being racism (Antibullying, n. d). b) Parents, Teachers and School Administrators View Despite the seriousness of the matter, some views exist that portray the behavior of bullying as acceptable. Parents have been known to have views on bullying that encourage the practice even further especially if it is their child who is bullying others. Some parents hold the view that boys will be boys.This view tends to imply that physical bullying is an acceptable behavior and hence they encourage the children to be more aggressive and physically abuse other children. Research has proven that the aggressive behavior to bully is learnt and it is not a natural response (The National ALLIANCE for Parent Centers , 2003). Some other views that are used by parents include the view that words cannot hurt. This view is argued that even though the words do not leave any physical marks or bruises on the children they are able to leave emotional scars that are more damaging than the physical bruises and words.The words spoken tend to have long term consequences and effects on the victims as they affect the self esteem and confidence. Some bullies are able to learn this from an early age and they use this approach to intimidate other children (The National ALLIANCE for Parent Centers, 2003). Bullying by some parents is viewed as a natural part of childhood and they tend to dismiss their children when they disclose the fact that they are being bullied in schools (The National ALLIANCE for Parent Centers, 2003).Parents normally take up this view since the occurrence of bullying is so common hence it looks like a normal thing to occur to children when they are in school. The truth of the matter is tha t the aggression that is both physical and emotional should not be taken to be a normal part of childhood and action should be taken against it. Some parents are of the view that bullying is carried out to make the children become tougher. They hold the opinions that the more that the children are bullied the more they are able to toughen up and become strong emotionally and physically.The truth however is that bullying lowers their self esteem and makes them more afraid. It also lowers their self worth and affects their academic and social life even in their adulthood. Bullying is normally carried out with an intention to harm the victim and inflict a sense of power among the bullies (The National ALLIANCE for Parent Centers, 2003). v) Stopping Bullying in Schools It is sometimes difficult to understand how schools can provide the environment for bullying to take place yet they are very well supervised.Bullying however is carried out secretly and in hidden areas and adults includin g parents and teachers are not able to notice when it is going on. Other reasons that make it hard to detect is the fact that the school staff may see it as harmless play and therefore decide not to intervene. There may also be lack of enough supervisory settings that could lead to detecting the behavior in its likely occurrences (Wright, 2003). a) Laws on Bullying Anti bullying legislation has been developed to help curb the rise and spread of bullying within the school environment.The legislation provides for firm and fair enforcement of discipline within the school and security measures that provide for a climate that does not allow for bullying and threat making. The laws have been developed to help the school administrators’ deal with the issue. They require the schools to develop anti bullying policies and programs (Clabough, 2010). A national legislation that is against bullying has been proposed to make it mandatory for all schools to have these programs and policies that will help reduce the bullying incidents.The laws have been developed to emphasis to the schools that much is not being done to deal with bullying and that more needs to be done since bullying is an important issue that is affecting the schools. The laws are allowing for various legal actions to be taken up against the bullies who are reported to have bullied a fellow student. The legal action to be taken depends on the type of offence that has been reported (Clabough, 2010). For example where the offence reported involved included threatening the victim, legal action can be taken for threatening behavior and this is treated as a criminal offence.When the bullied acts involve sexual assault towards the victim, the legal action can be taken against indecent assault which is also treated as a criminal offence. An offence of common assault is charged against the bully when the victim was physically abused. Legal action may also include applying for an injunction against the bullies to prevent them from bullying the victim. The injunction can be used to instill fear upon the bully and hence stopping them from bullying the victim. Legal action however is only carried out if the actions of the bully are in more that two separate occasions and they are constant and ongoing.Evidence has to be gathered to prove the harassment and it must show that it led to severe damages to the victim (Clabough, 2010). The two offences of indecent assault and common assault can also be carried out without touching the victim. b) Their importance The anti bully legislation is very important in reducing the cases of bullying in the schools when everything has failed. The law can help sensitize the issue and teach the parents and teachers the need and importance of stopping the bullying behavior as it leads to severe consequences that are long term in some cases.The teachers and staff at the schools are taught how to identify and deal with bullying cases and establish effective strat egies that enable the children report the cases of bullying within the school (Antibullying, n. d). The laws can also be used to teach and educate the children on bullying the strategies and types of bullies that are in existence and how they can deal. The laws can also help curb the spread of the practice to other areas like the work places and other environments outside the school environment.Bullies can also be helped since most of them end up committing other crimes in the adulthood (Dombeck, n. d). The consequences of bullying can also be reduced especially where they are long term and severe like in the cases of suicides and psychological impacts on the children. c) Suicides by Children The need for these laws has been necessitated by the increase in the number of suicides cases that have been reported. One case in particular is the case of Phoebe Prince, a 15 year student who committed suicide after she was continuously bullied by her new classmates for over 3 months (Rota, 2 010).She had continuously been harassed verbally and physically by nine of her classmates, six of whom have been charged in court since the incident happened (O'Dowd, 2010). She had been a student of South Hadley High School located in Massachusetts, and had endured a lot of cyber bullying through popular websites like facebook, Twitter, Craigslist and Form spring and she also received threatening messages on her cell phone (Clabough, 2010). In school things had been thrown at her, while her face had been scribbled in her photographs that were hung on the school walls.The parents and the school officials had not done enough to stop the bullying even though they knew of the extent it had gone into. They had instead turned away and assumed a mentality of kids will be kids that led to the suicide. This was one of the cases that led to the Massachusetts anti bully legislation that was to curb such incidents from occurring (GLAD, 2010). d) Long Term Psychological Impact Bullying has been known to lead to long term effects that affect the victim’s psychology. Some of the effects of bullying include self esteem problems that may cause the adult to think lowly of them selves (Dombeck, n. d).They also tend to avoid social situations due to the interpersonal difficulties that they experience. Some of the victims of school bullying have reduced occupational opportunities since they do not get the chance to perform well in school. They have lingering bitterness and desires to seek revenge against the bullies. Some tend to have a lot of difficulty trusting people and they do not make many friends. They therefore tend to be lonely even in their adult life. In some cases the victims of school bullying continue to be bullied even in their work places and in other areas even in their adult life (Dombeck, n. d).e) Helping the Victim Overcome Victims of school bullying are usually very sad and deeply unhappy when they are in school (Banks, 1997). They suffer from low self esteem since they are usually self rejected by the classmates. There are various that the school can help the victims overcome the bullying and prevent it from occurring to them again. The first step of intervening is to ensure the victims safety. The victims are usually weaker than the bullies and hence they are not able to face the bullies on their own. The victims can be monitored when they are in schools to identify the times that they are bullied (Wright, 2003).The victim can also be encouraged to make friends with other students who will influence him or her positively. This will help increase the self esteem and confidence of the victim. As the victim makes more friends they may be able to help him when they are being bullied. They can be taught basic social skills to enable them make more friends. Mentors can also be allocated to the children who are bullied to be able to monitor them and protect them from the bullies (Wright, 2003). Victims can also be taught some skill th at can they can use to stand up to the bullies especially when they abuse is verbal.The parents of the victims can help the children to overcome the effects of bullying. The parents can become more involved in the lives of the child to ensure that they are able to notice the instances of bullying. They can help the child speak out when they are being bullied. Counseling can also help the child deal with the psychological effects of bullying such as depression, low self esteem and anxiety. They can therefore be able to deal with the anger that they may feel against the bullies and the need to seek revenge (Dombeck, n. d). f) Helping BulliesBullying is normally carried out in a secretive manner and can be difficult to identify within the schools (Wright, 2003). Teachers and school administrators may not be aware of how it is carried out. They must therefore assess the seriousness of the behavior and ensure that the students are aware of the seriousness of the matter. They should also be aware of the consequences of bullying and the charges that exist for bullies. If the bullies continue threatening the lives of the other students the teachers and the school administrators should now come up with ways to help the bullies turn around their behaviors.They can confront the bullies in a firm and fair manner that will not provoke them. They can communicate to the bullies without threatening them and give stern warnings that their behavior will not be tolerated. More stern measures can be put up if the bullies do not change their behavior. The confrontations should be carried out in private to ensure that they bully does not become defiant and refuse to compliance (Wright, 2003). To encourage them to change their behavior they can be rewarded if the cases for bullying reduce.Parents can be involved in the process to establish the reasons that lead the children to bully others. Where the reasons are based on the environment at home the parents can be involved in the pro cess of reforming the behaviors of the bullies. Counseling can be used to help the children deal with the issues at home and reduce their chances of taking out their problems or anger on other students (Banks, 1997). g) State of Massachusetts Stand The State of Massachusetts has become the 42nd state in the U. S to develop anti bully laws that are to be putt up in the schools (Clabough, 2010).The anti bully laws are one of the strongest laws that are against the bullying behavior being carried out in schools. The law which was developed in May of this year is very strict and requires all the schools within the state to protect their students from bullying and they must abide by this law (GLAD, 2010). This law applies to all the school regardless of whether they are private or public. It clearly defines the behavior of bullying and includes any repeated hostility that is directed to a student whether written, verbal or even if it is technologically spread.The technological methods in clude mass communication form of media that the victim can access directly or indirectly. It has taken into consideration the use of social media like facebook that are used to bully victims by writing on their walls. The law has made it compulsory for every school in the state with the exception of some private schools to have an anti bully policy that should be posted on the websites of the schools and made available to any student or parent that may need it (â€Å"Chapter 92 of the Acts of 2010,† 2010).The law also states that the policy should among others have procedures that should be followed whenever a bullying case is reported by a student. Disciplinary actions should also be stipulated in the policy clearly according to the law together with the procedures for notifying the parents of any cases that may involve their children bullying or being bullied. It further stipulates that the schools should offer counseling services to the victims of the bullying as well as t he bullying themselves.According to the Massachusetts law, the teachers and the school administrators should undergo some training to be in a position to handle the bullying cases in the schools and also come up with ways of preventing them from happening (GLAD, 2010). The training should also make them aware of the causes of bullying and various types of incidences that make up cyber bullying. The law has also given the teachers the mandate to report the cases of bullying once they notice them to the relevant authorities. School administrators should also be in able to investigate the reports of bullying and carry out disciplinary action on the students involved.Students within the state are required by the law to know and understand the behavior of bullying. The schools should be able to teach them this information and make them understand. This includes the children who are in between the ages of kindergarten and those that are in grade 12 (GLAD, 2010). The students should be tau ght how to prevent bullying and how to handle the bullies appropriately. They should also know the differences that exist among the children who bully them and why they bully them.The law has been very effective in the region and cases of bullying have been seen to have reduced significantly. 5. 0 Conclusion Bullying is a serious issue that is affecting very many children in the schools and has been going on for a very long time now. There is need to come up with a method that will help eliminate its existence especially the new form of bullying that has emerged that is the cyber bullying. Anti bully laws can help eliminate this kind of bullying together with the other forms of bullying that have been in practice. Cyber bullying is hard to detect but its conseque

The Italian Retreat from Modern Architecture

‘The Italian Retreat from Modern Architecture: Gig Pont', Nonlinearity and others Italy is decentralized in Europe, south side ripping Transition Interview Difficult position in the way they accept refugees, pressures Italy have never been absolute 1860- unified by man but not unified in region, approaches to life, culture and language vary great amounts between cities of Italy. 1959?Renee Bonham Nonlinearity, the Italian retreat from modern architecture Attacking individualistic new Italian architects that were trying to be dedicate in the way they developed architecture, Just interested in themselves Guide Canella, a page from the article on the ‘Amsterdam School' Renee Bonham, conclusion of his article in The Architectural Review Ernest Nathan Rogers, ‘Continuity' o crisis? ‘ (Continuity of crisis? ), Isabella, no. 1 5, April-May 1957 early 20th century example of modern architecture, not an white clean architecture of machine Bonham is English, cannot unde rstand how Italians perceived architecture, they did not see it was something that could revolutionize or save the world. ‘Nonlinearity the type of architecture that was used in certain parts of Europe around he end of 19th century beginning of 20th common ground, trying to shift from 18th and 19th century architecture but was not interested in architecture as a machine and that direction Bonham is much more black and white, Isabella, no. 1 5, April-May 1957, content page with image of project in El Heaver by Pepper Eduardo Persist, Salad Della Aviators (Victory Room), VI Triennial, Milan, 1936 Adulterate Liberal, Case Maladapted, Capri island, Naples, 1938-40 Window Frames- full of matter Floor- not a functions type of modernist Window back of fireplace, sense of merging with the sun and the yellow orange lames of the fire. Onto born 1891-1979, generation of El Sorbs product of Italy TM most prominent architect that tried to understand bourgeois importance of discussion rathe r than getting to a point founder and director of Dooms magazine director of Stile magazine Gig Point, Mate laureateship (In praise of Architecture), book, 1957, cover page Gig Pont', Laureateship e' UN Cristal (Architecture is a crystal), (a publication that was published a bit earlier) Stile magazine, cover page Misaims Campaign, portrait of the Point family, painting ads for Richard Ignoring products, Dooms no. 1 GIG point,Gig Pont', kitchen plates for Richard Ignoring, 1923-25 , Vase, ceramic work Gig Pont', Hands, ceramic work House in via Rancid, Milan, 1924-26 point, Gig Point, House in via Rancid, Milan, 1924-26 point, Vile Boutique, Searches, 1925-26 El Couriers, Vile Stein, Searches, 1927 Comparison of two houses El Sorbs machine type of plan Built same time but different era's Gig Pont', Vile Bouillon, Searches, 1925-26, view Gig Point, House in Via Domenici, Milan, 1928-30 Gig Pont', House in Via Domenici, Lantern on the rooftop Fillips Brucellosis, Lantern on top of dom e, S. Maria del Floor, FlorenceGig Pont', Graphic and Textile design work Gig Point, Graphic and Textile design work Gig Point , Aria Italian magazine, cover page Gig Point, ‘Dooms Serene', Via De Togging, Milan, 1933-36, facade Dooms Latin word for house Vs.. El sorbs towards a new architecture, you can see the difference between the two Gig Point, ‘Typical Houses' Via De Togging, Milan Gig Point, ‘Dooms Julia', Via De Togging, Milan, 1931-34, fade rooms in houses were only allowed to be so big in order to help deal with the demand for housing Point created the idea of using a partition in the middle of a room to create two roomsItalians don't have second hand shops because they keep everything, would never see a garage sale etc.. Even stay in the same house windows that frame views Gig Pont', Marmot House, Milan, 1933-36 works with curtains, works with lots more things than ‘Just the wall' believed designing furniture was part of the architecture , Domestic space, exhibition installation at the 6th Triennial, Milan, 1936 GIG point dinner set, sass Gig Pont', dinner set and tablecloth, sass Gig Point, dinner set and tablecloth , Ferreira company, chairman office, Rome, 1936 Vendetta Furnishings, (an ‘organized wall'), Milan, 1938 Amour Belle', ‘Table- container', prototype, Ghetto-Ambient Exhibition, Association J.Voodoo et Bruno Danes, Milan, 1994 Calvin, Merlin', Mayo, Window-screen', prototype, Ghetto-Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 Calvin, Merlin', Mayo, Window-screen', prototype, Ghetto-Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 Bruno Veering, ‘movable shelving system', prototype, Ghetto-Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 Bruno Veering, ‘movable shelving system', prototype, Ghetto-Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 idea of having a single element with multiple functionsGig Point, Bed, furniture design Marco Removable, Mart Laudanum, ‘Nomadic Cardboard Panel', prototype, Ghetto- Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 kinetic transitional Raisin tower, almost works as context itself Softness, reduce sense of mass accompanies organic roof point, Lamp, 1960 Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 Antonio Astor', ‘Intemperate' (Internally) furniture system, Deride production, sass Joe Colombo, ‘Box 1', day-and-night furniture facility, 1968 Joe Colombo, ‘Square Plastic System', furniture system, 1969 idea of liberating people from the kitchen Joe Colombo, ‘Root-living, furniture design, 1969Joe Colombo , ‘cabriolet-seed', 1969 , ‘ Multi-chat, 1970 , ‘Mint-kitchen', 1963 Joe Colombo, ‘Combo-center' container, 1963 Joe Colombo, ‘Tube-Chat, 1969 Joe Colombo, Visions' exhibition, 1969 Gig Pont', Medication Building, Milan, interiors, 1935-38 Gig Point, Medication Building, Milan Gig Pont', Medication Building, Milan Gig Pont', Raisin Tower, Milan, 1933-36, perspective drawing Gig Pont', Raisin Tower, Milan, 1933-36, photo with neoclassic Portal Venetian in the foreg round Gig Pont', Raisin Tower, Milan, the tower and the park Gig Pont', Raisin Tower, Milan, rooftop GIG point, Rarest -rower, Milan, 1933-36Pitter Dieresis, Tower Building, Berlin, 1986 Pitter Dieresis, Tower Building, Berlin, 1986, plan + elevations, drawing Pitter Dieresis, Tower Building, Berlin, view from the street tower view at night, looked like a painting Gig Pont', Raisin Tower, Milan, side fade Pitter Dieresis, Tower Building, Berlin, view from the street Dieresis tower wants to be a mediator between the road and Gig Point, Scenes and costumes design for Stravinsky ‘Applicable', Triennial Theatre, Milan, 1940 Gig Point, glass bottles and cups, design for Venin' Company, 1946-49 Gig Pont', ‘La Paving' coffee machine, Milan, 1948Gig Pont', ‘Andrea Dorian' ship, interiors, 1948-52 POINT WAS READY TO DECORATE D†°CORE, this was not supported by modernism In production, building offices, he becomes very rigorous Rigor in Milan, people dress elegant but al l the same Rome things change, they are much more ‘began' with colors, eat outside Linking back to how there is a large cultural difference in each city e etc. ‘Dulcimer' store, Milan, interiors with surrealist objects, late ass, early ass , Casino, San Remote, interiors and furniture, 1950 Gig Pont', Casino, San Remote, interiors and furniture , Staccato Apartment, interior and furniture, 1950Gig Point (with Piper Fornicates), Interior exhibition, 9th Triennial, Milan, 1951 Gig Point (with Piper Fornicates), Lucian Apartment, interiors and decorations, 1951 Gig Point (with Piper Fornicates), Lucian Apartment, early (and decorated) version of ‘Supercharger' chair, 1951 Gig Pont', his own architectural office, Milan, 1952 Gig Pont', his own architectural office, interiors Milan, 1952 Eduardo Persist, Marcello Nozzle, Salad Medieval door (Gold Medals Room), Italian Aeronautics Exhibition, 1934 Gig Point, Mate laureateship (In praise of Architecture), book, 1957, cove r Point is very good with sensibility of spaceGig Point, ‘Supercharger' chair, 1957 ‘Chivalric chair' supercharger, super light chair, can be lifted with pinky finger very famous, incorporate everyday objects vernacular design, beautiful but clumsy Guide Canella, furniture design, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians (New Design for Italian Furniture) Exhibition, 1960 Roberto Gigabit & Mario Sisal, furniture design, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians Exhibition, 1960 Aledo Rossi, Table, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians Exhibition, 1960 Josef Hoffmann, Stole Building, Brussels, 1905 Rossi looks at structures that are much more linearHoffmann, type of corner that marks the buildings, much more conceptual Age Ailment, Rocking chair, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians Exhibition, 1960 Age Ailment, Bookshelf, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians Exhibition, 1960 Vitriol Garrotter, armchair, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mob ile Italians Exhibition, 1960 Umber Rival, deckchair, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians Exhibition, 1960 all furniture about putting more rather than less human posture curved Achilles Castigation, ‘Splurge Brad' Pub-Bar-Restaurant, Milan 1960 Achilles Castigation, Splurge Brad' Pub-Bar-Restaurant, Milan 1960 Achilles Castigation, ‘San Luck' armchair, prototype sense of mean, floating lamps (named after the restaurant) total linear, rather than Just repeating the same element Marco Suzann, ‘Lady, armchair, 1950 Franco Albania, ‘Margarita', Malice bamboo-cane armchair, 1950 Gig Point, ‘Continuum', cane-chair, Poinciana production, 1963 Gig Point, ‘Novella', armchair, C&B production, 1968 Gig Point, Villa Plainchant, Caracas, Venezuela, 1955 closed volumes, moments of surprises materiality with layers, bringing layers to modernism Gig Pont', Point apartment, Via Daze, Milan, 1957, interiors designed his own house, colorful tiles. Decorat ions very Joyful Gig Pont', Furnished window for an exhibition in New York, 1953 interested in discussing ‘con-fusion,' to be one, inability to differ areas of space decorated elements that duplicate themselves in mirrors around.Gig Point, Hotel ‘Parch die Principia', Rome, 1964, interiors Gig Pont', Hotel ‘Parch die Principia', Rome, 1964, interiors Gig Point, Hotel ‘Parch die Principia', Rome, 1964, fade (detail) Gig Pont', project for an Italian Embassy building, early sass, drawings interested in natural mass architectural form to a natural form and vise versa not particularly interested in function Gig Pont', sanitary fixtures set, Ideal Standard, 1953, drawings with notes Gig Pont', sanitary fixtures set, Ideal Standard, 1953, washbasin Gig Pont', sanitary fixtures set, Ideal Standard, 1953, toilet Gig Pont', sanitary fixtures set, Ideal Standard, 1953, toilet and more set components Gig Point, steel flatware, Italian Group, 9th Triennial, Milan, 1951, sketches and notes Gig Point, steel flatware, Italian Group, 9th Triennial, Milan, 1951 Idea of redesigning a fork Gig Point, vases, Sebastian production, 1956