Management Report Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Management Report - Dissertation Example Unlike other resources which an organization deploys people or its staff are live resources that think, have feelings, aspirations, motives and emotions which get nurtured, developed ,frustrated or stunted every now and then. No human would be willing to work with frustrated aspirations or stunted and suppressed feelings. Thus it becomes incumbent on an organization to nurture and develop the feelings, aspirations, emotions of its employees. Recruitment and selection is only the starting point in labeling the potential employee as successful; it is the proper organizational induction process that ensures that the employee catches his breath, looks around the organization, understands its basic and core activities, evaluates the various opportunities and facilities for growth, looks at the responsibilities maps and evaluates the sources available in the organization to carry out the tasks given to him/her in the job card. Thus a proper induction process is the start of the strategic H R function for any organization. A short cut or improper induction process may result in cutting short the employee's overall experience in the organization and may critically affect his overall morale and motivation .A proper induction is also an important step in setting up the employee on a potential path of employee empowerment. A proper orientation can also result in developing leaders among employees. This paper examines the overall strategic HR function in reference to the role of the process of induction and orientation. 9 Building on this focus this paper maintains the following research and Project Learning Objectives 10 Research Objectives 10 The main objectives of the proposed research scheme primarily concerning the impact of induction procedures...A change model built by Ghoshal and Bartlett can be considered for application in the case of MILKO and the suggested induction and onboarding program would set in motion such a change model. This envisages a change from the traditional corporate structure to an organization characterized as an "individualized corporation". This model is built in a manner to provide managers and leaders a perspective from which to deliberate the changes required their organizations. In a traditional corporate structure where compliance, control and contractual employer/employee relationships dominate, the organizations turn bureaucratic and become less hospitable for innovations and quality consciousness. Such organizations present work performance and quality standards which rarely improve from such preset standards. The model radically intends to relocate responsibility and the sense of ow nership to the employee encouraging greater discipline in getting to targets- a process ably supported by requisite systems and visibility of information. In conclusion, this paper took up the study of MILKOS and found through a survey that employee induction efforts had left much to be desired. This paper is an attempt to devise and propose a new induction process that is based upon well-researched theoretical models and concepts that threw out the important dimensions that may be essential to cover in the employee induction program. The paper finally suggests such an ideal induction program and bases it on the realities of MILKOS.

Alien and Sedition Acts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Alien and Sedition Acts - Research Paper Example The paper highlights that the term federalist is used to refer â€Å"to those individuals who favored the ratification of the US Constitution† (Vile 268). The newly formed Federalist party was led by Alexander Hamilton and was formed around the idea of supporting a strong national government such as would be competent to exercise its powers under the necessary and proper clauses established a national bank. The Democratic - Republican Party was largely founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. This party was founded by the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, which were against the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Democratic-Republicans had worries about the attempts to stifle the dissenting voices in the United States. Jefferson responded to these concerns by allowing the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire without renewal and issued the pardon to those who had been arrested during the time (Sabato and Ernst 301). This move not only solidified the ability for an opposition political party to be established in the United States without fear of prosecution, but Jefferson refused to grant the newly formed Federalist interest to the national charter of the Bank of the United State and opened another branch in New Orleans. He also cut the spending of the national debt and eliminated the internal revenue taxes; this move strengthened his standing among his opponents. This made the newly formed Federalist have a disorganized party. In conclusion, there have been philosophical differences between the newly formed Federalist and the Democratic - Republican Party.

Should Taxpayer's Continue To Fund Welfare and Do Illegal Immigrants Research Paper

Should Taxpayer's Continue To Fund Welfare and Do Illegal Immigrants Contribute To The Welfare State - Research Paper Example The bottom line of all of this is that every group has strong points and arguments that are valid to differing degrees. But discounting a massive revolution that restructures the government completely and re-imagines a new set of core American values, the welfare system should be at very least left intact, and at best vastly restructured and better funded. It is better for American society overall, and more in line with fundamental American values, to continue to fund the welfare state. To understand the welfare state in America one must first understand a little bit about its history. Unlike Europe, patronizing liberal-democracy thinking and Christian fundamentals played little role in developing the welfare system in the United States (Trattner 5). Instead, the welfare system in the United States has always been developed, cut or expanded depending on economic circumstances. It was born out of the Great Depression as part of the New Deal Program (Trattner 7). The basic premise at t his time was that there were massive numbers of people who were willing to work, but far too few jobs available even after the expansion of federal work programs. President Roosevelt essentially either had the choice of instituting a welfare system or letting people starve (Tratter 102). The Great Society period of the 1960s saw welfare expand so that someone who was neither infirm, young nor elderly could get enough to live on through welfare payments from the US government (Lawrence and Strakey 19). The last major change in welfare occurred during the booming economy of the 1990s under Bill Clinton. In this first massive cut of the welfare state, which saw welfare return to the states rather than the federal government, and become a smaller and more temporary program than it had been in the past. At the time of record-low unemployment, booming compensation and a robust economy under Clinton, it seemed inconceivable that anyone who wanted to work would be unable to in the long term , so it seemed that the only people on welfare were people unwilling to work, so the cuts seemed justified. This change has been lauded as one of the best in the history of welfare in the United States, because poverty levels dropped substantially and welfare rolls decreased along with this change (78). The problem, however, is that the decrease in poverty was largely a function of a robust and booming economy, not the changes in welfare law. Though the economic affairs of the US have shifted drastically in the last decade, the welfare system instituted by the Clinton administration in 1996 is essentially the same one in operation now. Welfare obviously has a long history in the United States, but this does not explain the arguments for keeping or further funding welfare. There are two main sets of arguments, ideological and some practical. The first ideological argument comes from some of the founding documents of the United States. The Declaration of Independence argues that †Å"all men are created equal.† The problem, however, is that this is self-evidently not true. Some people are born with a brain that is incapable of accomplishing many tasks whereas others are born geniuses who can unlock the mysteries of science and technology. This fundamental problem has been explained away by saying that this passage means that everyone should have equality of opportunity

Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effects of Domestic Violence on Children - Essay Example In Australia, 75,000 to 640,000 children get exposure to domestic violence. An Australian study showed that up to 40% of chronically violent teenagers have exposure to extreme domestic violence. These statistics become of great concern when viewed globally. Under these circumstances, children grow up in a very violent environment where they witness the physical abuse that their parents inflict on each other. Furthermore, they hear the fighting noises and threats from their parents. They observe the results of the violent acts such as bloodshed, torn clothing, bruises, tears as well as broken items. This paper seeks to show the effects of domestic violence on children. Psychological effects of domestic violence Children who get exposed to such acts of violence normally develop unnecessary fear and anxiety. They are always waiting for the next violence. They fear that any slight argument may lead to violence. As such, they do not feel safe in the home since they do not know what will t rigger the next violence. They also feel powerless and worthless since they wish they could help, but they are not able to do so. It is this feeling of worthlessness that works against their self esteem. These children feel obliged to safeguard the family secrets. They, therefore, restrain themselves from exposing such secrets to outsiders (Zeck, 1993). For this reason, they look cool and composed from outside even when they are going through the toughest psychological torment. They do not seek help from out of fear of revealing the family secrets. Moreover, such children feel vulnerable and isolated. In some instances, they take the blame for the violence since they think that they are the cause. They grow up without the primary needs of a child such as attention, approval and affection. In such cases, mothers are normally busy trying to keep themselves safe and survive in a violent environment. They, therefore, forget their maternal role to the children. Fathers, on the other hand , struggle to seek control of everyone and forget their paternal role in the upbringing of their children. The children feel psychologically and physically abandoned. Emotional response to domestic violence in children Children may exhibit varied emotional responses to the domestic violence that they continually witness. Such response may include shame, fear, sleep disturbance, guilt, anger, depression among others. Moreover, such a child may also be affected physically by headache, stomachache, loss of concentration and bedwetting. Physical injuries may also come as a result of the struggle in an attempt to intervene during the violence (Gioia & Sims, 1983). Children who experience domestic violence also exhibit a number of behavioral changes in response to the violence. Such change in behavior includes anxiety to pleasing, throwing tantrums as well as withdrawal. This, in effect, affects their school attendance and performance. The children may also exhibit delay in growth and dev elopment. This includes developmental delays such as speech and cognitive skills. The children may also assume violence as a means of self expression and defense. They display increased force and aggression towards their peers. This makes their social lives harder since they are not able to socialize with people. Another adverse effect of domestic violence on children is compensation. In many cases, the children take care of their parents injured in domestic violence as well as their younger siblings. This way, they take up adult roles that are far above their ability. Consequently, there is a delay in the child’s emotional and physical development (Daly, Speedy &Jackson, 2004). Long term Effects of Domestic

Should Taxpayer's Continue To Fund Welfare and Do Illegal Immigrants Research Paper

Should Taxpayer's Continue To Fund Welfare and Do Illegal Immigrants Contribute To The Welfare State - Research Paper Example The bottom line of all of this is that every group has strong points and arguments that are valid to differing degrees. But discounting a massive revolution that restructures the government completely and re-imagines a new set of core American values, the welfare system should be at very least left intact, and at best vastly restructured and better funded. It is better for American society overall, and more in line with fundamental American values, to continue to fund the welfare state. To understand the welfare state in America one must first understand a little bit about its history. Unlike Europe, patronizing liberal-democracy thinking and Christian fundamentals played little role in developing the welfare system in the United States (Trattner 5). Instead, the welfare system in the United States has always been developed, cut or expanded depending on economic circumstances. It was born out of the Great Depression as part of the New Deal Program (Trattner 7). The basic premise at t his time was that there were massive numbers of people who were willing to work, but far too few jobs available even after the expansion of federal work programs. President Roosevelt essentially either had the choice of instituting a welfare system or letting people starve (Tratter 102). The Great Society period of the 1960s saw welfare expand so that someone who was neither infirm, young nor elderly could get enough to live on through welfare payments from the US government (Lawrence and Strakey 19). The last major change in welfare occurred during the booming economy of the 1990s under Bill Clinton. In this first massive cut of the welfare state, which saw welfare return to the states rather than the federal government, and become a smaller and more temporary program than it had been in the past. At the time of record-low unemployment, booming compensation and a robust economy under Clinton, it seemed inconceivable that anyone who wanted to work would be unable to in the long term , so it seemed that the only people on welfare were people unwilling to work, so the cuts seemed justified. This change has been lauded as one of the best in the history of welfare in the United States, because poverty levels dropped substantially and welfare rolls decreased along with this change (78). The problem, however, is that the decrease in poverty was largely a function of a robust and booming economy, not the changes in welfare law. Though the economic affairs of the US have shifted drastically in the last decade, the welfare system instituted by the Clinton administration in 1996 is essentially the same one in operation now. Welfare obviously has a long history in the United States, but this does not explain the arguments for keeping or further funding welfare. There are two main sets of arguments, ideological and some practical. The first ideological argument comes from some of the founding documents of the United States. The Declaration of Independence argues that †Å"all men are created equal.† The problem, however, is that this is self-evidently not true. Some people are born with a brain that is incapable of accomplishing many tasks whereas others are born geniuses who can unlock the mysteries of science and technology. This fundamental problem has been explained away by saying that this passage means that everyone should have equality of opportunity

Comparative Analysis - Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton Essay Example for Free

Comparative Analysis Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton Essay The two speeches orated by Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton were delivered in 1995 to influence change. Wiesel’s, ‘Listen to the silent screams’ was delivered at Auschwitz. World leaders and survivors listened as he influenced the audience to act upon racial hatred and religious extremism. Clinton delivered her speech at the United Nations 4th conference on Women’s Rights Plenary Session in Beijing. This is ironic given China’s poor record for human rights violations, particularly against females. Delegates and women from all over the world came to hear her rebuttal, ‘Women’s rights are human rights’. Both Wiesel’s and Clinton’s speeches are relevant today as both their aspirations of human rights for all have not yet been fully realised. Both speakers broadcast their message by addressing the audience through exhibiting their authority and rhetorical devices. Both speakers establish authority and credibility for themselves as speakers and for their cause in different ways. Wiesel is authoritative as he has lived through the Holocaust, whereas Clinton is authoritative as she is an active feminist. Wiesel addresses his audience by using personal pronouns to create equality, â€Å"I speak to you as a man, who 50 years and nine days ago had no name, no hope, no future and was known only by his number, A7713†. This statistical information shows the formality of the occasion and establishes that being in Auschwitz has influenced his view on humanity. He â€Å"has seen what humanity has done to itself by trying to exterminate an entire people and inflict suffering and humiliation and death on so many others. Wiesel does not specifically identify one group of people for doing this; he influences the audience to understand whole of humanity was responsible for Auschwitz. Contrastingly, Clinton establishes her authority by being female, by being indefatigable, and by speaking to and for women from all over the world. She states, â€Å"Over the past 25 years I have worked persistently on issues relating to women, children and families. † This shows she is serious about women’s right, it is something she strongly believes in, and her commitment to the cause is absolute. Clinton has worked on women’s rights for â€Å"the past 25 years†. Not only is she committed, in addition she brings experience. By listing countries in which she has talked to mothers about their issues, â€Å"I have met new mothers in Indonesia Denmark South Africa India Bangladesh Belarus Ukraine Chernobyl †, she highlights her credibility to appear influential and qualified to act as a voice on their behalf. She has met mothers who are voiceless, now she has the responsibility to speak out, to be the one voice that is heard. Both speakers establish their authority by validating their cause and using rhetorical devices . Wiesel uses emotive language and imagery, whereas Clinton appeals to fact. Imagery is used in Wiesel’s speech to capture the surreality of the Holocaust. Clinton uses fact to update the audience with reality of the world, and influences the audience with statistical information. Wiesel uses representative figures of mothers and old men and women, â€Å"Listen to the silent screams of terrified mothers, the prayers of anguished old men and women. † The use of the emotively loaded adjectives ‘terrified’ and ‘anguished’ shows the reader their vulnerability. Prayers’, shows helplessness and desperation as there was nothing they could do but hope. Their prayers went unanswered, as did the silent screams. Wiesel uses anaphora and imperative to influence the reader the dead have never been laid to rest, â€Å"Listen to the tears of children, Jewish children, a beautiful little girl among them, with golden hair, whose vulnerable tenderness has never left me. † Wiesel influences the audience to pity the children, the most innocent of mankind. He achieves this by describing a representative figure who stands for all Jewish children. Through the description of, ‘vulnerable tenderness’ he emphasises the frailty and innocence of children, while showing that this was brutally crushed. There was no mercy. The weak were tormented, the most innocent were sentenced to a death both unimaginable and undignified, â€Å"Look and listen as they quietly walk towards dark flames so gigantic that the planet itself seemed in danger. † The metaphor shows the quantity and mass of the deaths, that people were being murdered on such a large scale that it seemed as if the whole world would be consumed. In contrast to Wiesel, Clinton used statistics throughout her speech to underline the importance of women’s rights. Statistics were used to give the reader an idea of scale, â€Å"Women comprise more than half the world’s population, 70% of the world’s poor, and two-thirds of those who are not taught to read and write. † Incorporating researched data gives realism and urgency. When statistics are used the audience is able to comprehend what is happening and who is involved. By using examples Clinton is telling the audience it should not be a problem as it involves at least half of the world’s population. Clinton gives examples from all over the world of what is happening, one of them being, â€Å"It is a violation of human rights when babies are denied food, or drowned, or suffocated, or their spines broken, simply because they are born girls†. Notice in this it is not only stated as a violation of women’s rights, but a violation of human rights. We are human, and we have rights. The violence needs to stop; in the name of humanity as a whole. Both Wiesel and Clinton are telling the world through the power of rhetoric, that change is needed. These speeches are relevant and persistent today. The issue of effectively opposing religious fanaticism, racial hate, and building gender equality have enduring relevance in all countries. With, â€Å" let us stop the bloodshed in Bosnia, Rwanda and Chechnia; the vicious and ruthless terror attacks against Jews in the Holy Land†, Wiesel is saying humanity has turned on itself before, and suffered before, yet we have not learned. He commands we must â€Å"reject and oppose more effectively religious fanaticism and racial hate†. Allow the Holocaust to be the past, Wiesel urges we must focus on a safer future for our children so that the millions who died in the Holocaust did not do so in vain. Clinton speaks to the world, urging the importance of gender equality, â€Å"Even now, in the late 20th century, the rape of women continues to be used as an instrument of armed conflict†. In this she gives an example of why gender equality needs to occur by giving an example of what is happening today. Both speakers influence the audience through exhibiting their authority and use of power, they show that these issues are pressing and cannot be ignored.

Supply Chain Management Of Nescafe Marketing Essay

Supply Chain Management Of Nescafe Marketing Essay This report comprehensively discusses the distribution channel network which is used by Nestle to sell its Nescafe coffee brand in the market. The report discusses upon various channel partners involved in this process and the roles played by each channel partner in the whole distribution process. The report also discusses about how the smooth functioning of the distribution channel is ensured and who are designated with this task. Report also discusses about marketing and promotional techniques used by Nescafe, their pricing strategy. The report further discusses about physical distribution management, inventory management, storing and warehousing, transportation. Distribution costs involved, payment terms and debtor control, flow of information related to inventory, sales and payments have also been discussed. We have also focused on how communication flow takes place in between channel partners, how conflict management takes place in between the channel members. We have also focused on various aspects of demand and supply management strategies which are adopted within Nescafe. INTRODUCTION About Nestle India: Nestle is one the leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness company. It was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestle in Vevey, Switzerland, where its headquarters are still located. The company employs 2,80,000 employees and have factories and operations in almost every country in the world. Nestle sales for 2009 were CHF 108 bn. Nestle India was set up in 1961 at Moga (Punjab) was followed soon after by its second plant, set up at Choladi (Tamil Nadu), in 1967. Consequently, Nestlà © India set up factories in Nanjangud (Karnataka), in 1989, and Samalkha (Haryana), in 1993. This was succeeded by the commissioning of two more factories at Ponda and Bicholim, Goa, in 1995 and 1997 respectively. The seventh factory was set up at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, in 2006. The 8th Factory was set up at Tahliwal, Himachal Pradesh, in 2012. The 4 branch offices in the country help facilitate the sales and marketing of its products. They are in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. The Nestlà © India head office is located in Gurgaon, Haryana. About Nescafe: Nescafe is a brand of instant coffee made by Nestle. Nescafe coffee comes in many different forms, flavors and sizes. After eight years into development, the coffee powder was first introduced on April 1st, 1938 in Switzerland. In the  United States, the Nescafe name was used on its products until the 1960s. Later, Nestlà © introduced a new brand in the US called Tasters Choice, which supplanted Nescafe for many years. Tasters Choice was also introduced into Canada at the same time, and continues to be sold as a separate product, branded as superior to Nescafe, and is higher priced. CHANNEL PARTICIPANTS AND CHANNEL STRUCTURE OF NESCAFE Channel Partners There are various channel partners involved in the distribution of Nescafe. Nestle has 8 factories in India. From these factories, Nescafe coffee passes on through several channel partners: DC (Distribution Centers): Nestlà ©s distribution centers are specialized buildings, with refrigeration and air conditioning where many Nestle products along with Nescafe are stored for distribution other channel members. It is one of the most basic parts of the order processing and fulfillment process. It can be said that these distribution centers are company owned warehouse. It is important to note that distribution centers can be of many types such: Retail Distribution Center- distributes goods to retail store Order Fulfillment Center distributes goods directly to consumers Cross-Dock facility doesnt not stock the products but distributes to other destinations Super Stockiest The Company keeps their stock with super stockiest to pass it on next channel members like wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Usually there is a separate super stockiest for every district. Wholesalers: They buy in bulk. The company usually provides them discounts on the bulk purchases. Wholesalers help the company break the bulk quantities by further selling the product to retailers in small quantities. Retailers: Retailers sell the coffee directly to consumers through retail shops. These retail shops can be traditional Kirana stores (also known as General Trade) or Supermarkets and Hypermarkets ( known as Modern Trade). E.g. Spar Hypermarket. Here it is important to note that because of the bulk purchases done by hypermarkets, the company may sell its product directly to such channel member engaged in modern trade, thereby reducing number of level of channel distribution and costs. NESTLE primarily uses two types of product channel distribution structures in order to deliver the NESCAFE COFFEE products from manufacturer to consumers. The channel structures are as follows: A B Consumers Retailer (Modern Trade) DC (Distribution Center) Consumers Retailer (General Trade) Wholesaler Cash Distributor (Super Stockiest) Manufacturer DC (Distribution Center) Manufacturer In the above diagram above, we can see that Nestle uses two kinds of channel structure to distribute Nescafe coffee to the consumers, depending on the area of operations and available resources in that area. In the structure A, we can see that from the factories, the product does to the distribution center (DC) where it is stocked for further distribution. From DC to product moves to super stockiest, who further supply it to wholesalers? From wholesalers the product moves to retailers. In structure A, these are traditional retailers having Kirana or traditional stores. Such structure is more successful in unorganized market. Nescafe coffee is then sold to end consumers through such stores, where it is put to display. In structure B, the coffee moves directly to retailers from distribution centers. From retailers the product is then sold to consumers. This structure is more successful in modern trade where retailers sell the products through supermarkets and hypermarkets in an organized retail market. Eg. Big Bazaar, Spar Hypermarket, Reliance Fresh etc. Packaging Nestles Nescafe Coffee is packaged in sealed airtight containers made out of glass/plastic and even in sealed bags of varying size and quantities which are further enclosed in cardboard boxes. However glass is the preferred choice of packaging material as according to Nestle, it is a natural material composed mainly of sand. To make their packages aesthetically appealing, the company prefers glass as any shape and size can be give to it. Further, glass packaging is tamper resistant, inert, non-porous and impermeable to chemical interactions. It also protects from degradation of the coffee by moisture and oxygen. The coffee is sold in varying quantities varying from small sachets of a few grams to pack sizes of 1Kg. http://www.designbridge.com/media/23501/nescafe_original_copycat_Carousel.jpghttp://mams.rmit.edu.au/eprcok6x99ck.jpghttp://www.yowazzup.com/coffee/images/nescafe-canned-drinks-special-edition.jpg Logistics For the logistics and transportation purposes, the companys distribution centers maintain their own fleet of commercial vehicles. Due to nature and scale of its operations, Nestlà ©s own fleet of transport vehicles helps it reduce third party costs, delays and conflicts arising out of it. However, super stockiest use third party logistics support in order to further pass on the product to the next channel partner. A third party logistics provider helps much part of the operations such as transportation, distribution and warehousing. Marketing/Promotion For marketing its Nescafe coffee brand, Nestle uses 360 degree promotional activities like heavy advertisements on Television, newspapers, internet and social media, public relation activities, vending machines in colleges, offices, departmental stores and many places such places which have high foot fall. Nestle is known to spend almost 40% of the marketing budget allotted to promote Nescafe brand on Television advertisement by roping in well known Celebrities to promote their coffee. Regular advertisements are carried out in leading national and local newspapers, magazines, to promote the existing Nescafe products, or whenever a new flavor of Nescafe coffee is launched. These advertisement focuses on the supposed superiority and uniqueness of Nescafe coffee over other brands. CHANNEL CONFLICT MANAGMENT Sales officer, Brand manager and Nutritional officers are involved in managing the channel structure. They visit the market and channel distribution partners from time to time to weed out any conflicts, and at large, to make sure the smooth functioning of the channel. Sales officer ensure that the projected sales figures are being met through various partners. He assigns territories, quotas and monitors the members of his sales team. Sales manager directly acts upon the sales figures and quotas set my executive level. Any conflicts in channel structure will generally cause disruption in sales. Sales manager will therefore interact with various channel partners on a regular basis to diagnose and resolve any conflicts as quickly as possible. Nescafes brand managers are engaged to ensure successful implementation of the promotional and marketing activities as per the objectives of the management. They analyze the sales figures, prices and guide advertising campaigns. Nescafes brand managers even contact retailers directly to promote their coffee brand. Nutritional officers meet the doctors and inform them about the products of Nestle. The conduct seminars for doctors and arrange symposiums. They ensure recommendation of Nutrition Range by Health Care Professionals through Ethical Detailing, Scientific meetings and conferences in accordance with Head Office guidelines. Nutrition officers also monitor and track any recent development in the field of Nutrition and serve as a reliable source of information. Nutritional officers are also act as a reliable source of market intelligence in their respective territories. They are usually aware of stock levels, its freshness, prices of own and competitor products. Thus using their knowledge of the market dynamics, they also help in the functioning of the distribution channel structure for Nescafe. PRICING STRATEGY Pricing is one of the four elements of the marketing mix, along with product, place and promotion. Pricing strategy is important for companies who wish to achieve success by finding the price point where they can maximize sales and profits. Companies may use a variety of pricing strategies, depending on their own unique marketing goals and objectives. Nescafe basically uses three types of pricing strategy. They are as follows Comparative pricing General way of pricing Economic pricing Comparative pricing: For formulating pricing strategy the company uses comparative pricing which is dependent on return on investments put in by the company, future growth opportunities in the market and potential expansion options. Various types of costs are also taken into consideration when formulating a pricing strategy, like distribution costs, advertisement expenses and margin on the product. General Method: what they actually used to do is they already fixes the rate of discount on a certain amount of good, like if u will purchase 10 packets of Nescafe we will give you five percent discount on the overall cost associated in buying that 10 packets Nescafe, however these rules are flexible, and actually varies from product to product, because at last the main motto is to sell the product as well as customer satisfaction. Economy Pricing: Economy pricing is a familiar pricing strategy for organizations Companies like nestle which takes a very basic, low-cost approach to marketingnothing fancy, just the bare minimum to keep prices low and attract a specific segment of the market that is very price sensitive. Physical Distribution Management Who is responsible for designing and setting up channel? There are various authorities who are responsible for designing and setting up channel. The authorities are sales head, head of field operation, marketing head, area head and sales officer. How the ware housing is managed? Is there a CF agent? The warehouse varies from product to product in Nescafe. Any distributer who wants to take the authority of warehousing the product has to satisfy certain protocols which are assigned by Nestle. Like if anyone want to take warehousing they should have own their own building. That building is called as product zone which consists of wooden racks as well as refrigerated section for storage of products. Yes, there is a CF agent in the whole process of delivering the product from manufacturer to consumer in Nescafe. Like they have RD (Regional distributor) who used to distribute the products on the small scale over a certain region of a particular city. Logistics and its cost? Logistics means having the right thing at right place at right time in a right cost also. Logistics covers three sections. Inventory management Storage and ware housing Transportation 1. Inventory Management Nescafe uses the SAP (system application and products) software, inventory management software (highly confidential) the distributer, the branch manager, the area manager, the branch head, sales officer, CEO, BOD are connected with the link .Everybody have a separate user name and password, so that anybody at any instance of time can get all the information like the total number of sales within a particular region, total inventory within the particular region, the total number of goods that are under process. This software also helps in order to keep track of current status of the products, condition of product, shortage, excess, total number of specific product etc. in Nescafe basically what they used to do is they first see the total number of sales for a particular item in last 4-5 month, and on the basis of that data they predict the future sales for the upcoming 5month and then they on an average used to stock the product in advance so that it can suffice the requirement of cons umer at any instance of time. And due to this reason the product shortage chances becomes so less approximately zero. 2. Storage and Warehousing: The warehouse varies from product to product in Nescafe. Any distributer who wants to take the authority of warehousing the product has to satisfy certain protocols which are assigned by Nestle. Like if anyone want to take warehousing they should have own their own building. That building is called as product zone which consists of wooden racks as well as refrigerated section for storage of products. http://www.pioneervending.co.uk/userimages/013-2.jpghttp://hyperspaceportfolio.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/nescafe-led-animated-poster-2.jpg 3. Transportation For transportation in Nescafe the distributer basically has their own vehicles while the super stockiest generally hire the third party logistics which taking care of transfer of goods. As an example the Nescafe in UK had hired Aceme 3p logistics services for 5 years in order to serve their product. http://www.ermewa.de/catalogue/img_bandeau/12-ermewa-nescafe.jpg Distribution cost The distribution cost of Nescafe varies with respect to the intermediaries. The company itself has to bear the distribution cost in transferring the product from manufacturer to distribution centre as well as to cash distributer. From cash distributer to wholesaler, the cash distributer has to pay the distribution cost. When product moves from wholesaler to retailer the wholesaler has to bear the distribution cost similarly in next lever the retailer has to bear the distribution cost. Payment terms and Debater control In Nescafe there is no hard and fast rule but basically they adopt three strategies for payment terms and debater control. In the first strategy when the company is giving their product to distributer/customer they have to sign a cheque that agrees to pay the money within certain days (max 10 days). While in second strategy one has to make the payments within 6 to 15 days, if its needed then they can extend the policy. In third strategy the customer can take the product by paying 5% on the spot by agreeing that they will pay the balance after selling the products. But company used this strategy very rarely. The payment term basically depends on certain factors like regularity of the customers, also the amount of quantity they are taking, past record of the customer. Communication/Information flow Inventory Data Nescafe uses the SAP(system application and products) software, inventory management software(highly confidential) the distributer, the branch manager, the area manager, the branch head, sales officer, CEO, BOD are connected with the link . Everybody have a separate user name and password, so that anybody at any instance of time can get all the informations like the total number of sales within a particular region, total inventory within the particular region, the total number of goods that are under process. This software also helps in order to keep track of current status of the products, condition of product, shortage, excess, total number of specific product etc. in Nescafe basically what they used to do is they first see the total number of sales for a particular item in last 4-5 month, and on the basis of that data they predict the future sales for the upcoming 5month and then they on an average used to stock the product in advance so that it can suffice the requirement of cons umer at any instance of time. And due to this reason the product shortage chances becomes so less approximately zero. Sales Data Sales data basically comprises of order placement, total number of sales for a particular product in particular region, what are the quantities that sold in particular region in previous times, billing order, profit for particular product or overall profit. Since we have discussed that Nescafe uses the inventory control software, in that software one block is there with the name reports. In that block one sub block is there with the name sales. By visiting that sub block we can gather all the information about sales. Payment Data It basically comprise of mode of payments like credit, cash, invoice. Same as like we gathered the sales data there is a sub block named payment options in which we will get all the information regarding the total payment for a particular region, total due, total canceled payment for particular region or overall. Critical Analysis Supply Chain Management: Supply chain management  (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected  businesses  involved in the provision of  product and  Service packages required by the end customers in a  supply chain. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of  raw materials work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Order Fulfilling Time The most important feature of Nescafe is that they have a very fast order fulfilling time. The average day for a particular product to be delivered from the day of order is 1-2 day. Nescafe can deliver the product on the same day in which they had got the order or on the very next day, and this variation basically depends on the transportation. Minimum Order Quantity There is no specific limitation for the minimum order quantity at Nescafe, but like others they love to take the bulk quantity order and serve them up to its best. Payment/Outstanding At Nescafe the period of payment basically depends on various factors. some of the factors like from what time you are associated with the company, you are a regular customer or a visiting type of customer, what is your total requirement, if you are an old customer then they might check your previous record in order to check that whether you are paying the payments on time or not. Generally the average payment time ranges from 6-15 days. DEMAND MANAGEMENT Nescafe uses the SAP(system application and products) software in order to keep track of current status of the products, condition of product, shortage, excess, total number of specific product etc. in Nescafe basically what they used to do is they first see the total number of sales for a particular item in last 4-5 month, and on the basis of that data they predict the future sales for the upcoming 5month and then they on an average used to stock the product in advance so that it can suffice the requirement of consumer at any instance of time. And due to this reason the product shortage chances becomes so less approximately zero. Speed of processing for complaint regarding supplies Nescafe trying to keep their trust trough all aspect of their services. Even in the case of sale if they are getting any complaint they will try to resolve it on the very same day they got that particular complaint or they will solve it within coming 24 hrs. CONCLUSION After scrapping up and intense analysis of data we reach out with important informations regarding the supply chain management of Nescafe. Our information clearly reveals that Nescafes supply chain management has both positive and negative faces. The positive aspects are like it has a very strong brand name backup of Nestle. Nescafes products are diversified in various flavors. They are making their products by keeping in mind that the products should be of nutritious values. Nescafe has a very great research and development team. In FMCG sector Nescafe is the only one company using software (highly confidential) for inventory management. They have a very strong strategy for conflict management. They are very fast in delivering products as well as taking suitable action on complaints regarding supplies. The customer can opt best payment option from companies payment terms and conditions. If we are pointing out the negatives then we can say Nescafe has no that much grip in rural areas. They are following price point portfolio system. Company always tries to emphasis the products science side than food side. RECOMANDATION It will be better for company if they reduce the price of products according to the areas they are serving. Also if they can extend the business for rural areas it will increase their profit.